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    Analysis of the Application Value of Dual-source CT and MRI in the Diagnosis of Gouty Arthritis
    LI Chunlei, QING Guangjun, WANG Rongfen, PENG Ke
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2020, 38 (2): 344-349.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.191003
    Abstract304)      PDF (624KB)(705)       Save
    100 patients with gouty arthritis who were treated in our hospital from May 2017 to May 2019 were enrolled. All patients underwent dual-source CT and MRI. In this study, we compared the positive diagnostic rate and the diagnostic sensitivity of dual-source CT and MRI, as well as the image differences in two methods(including tophus, joint bone damage, articular cartilage damage, joint effusion, peripheral edema, synovial damage and urate crystal). The aim was to explore the value of dual-source CT and MRI in the diagnosis of patients with gouty arthritis. The results showed that the positive rate and diagnostic sensitivity of dual-source CT were higher than that of MRI, and the difference was statistically significant. Dual-source CT had a higher detection rate for tophus and bone destruction than MRI, and the difference was statistically significant. Dual-source CT has high specificity in detecting urate crystals. In examination of joint effusion, synovium and cartilage change, MRI has higher detection rates than dual-source CT, and the difference was statistically significant. The above results indicate that dual-source CT is specific in diagnosing urate crystals. The application value of dual-source CT in the diagnosis of gouty arthritis is higher than MRI.
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    Application Value in Diagnosis and Prognosis Evaluation of Echocardiography and Dynamic Electrocardiogram Examination in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
    DING Minxia, TANG Xiangrui, ZHAO Yan
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2020, 38 (2): 248-252.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.190903
    Abstract338)      PDF (563KB)(650)       Save
    To investigate the application value in diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of echocardiography and dynamic electrocardiogram examination in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI), 100 AMI patients admitted and diagnosed in our hospital from June 2016 to June 2018 were selected as the observation group, and 100 patients without coronary heart disease in the same period were selected as the control group. Cardiac death was the end point of AMI, the observation group was divided into death group ( n=15) and survival group ( n=85). All patients were underwent echocardiography examination by Philips IU-Elite and EPIQ5 color Doppler ultrasound, as well as the dynamic electrocardiogram examination by the standard 12 lead Holter performed with DMS-300 4A electrocardiograph. The changes of heart rate turbulence index[TO, TS], heart rate variability index[SDNN, QTd, QTcd], and cardiac function index[LVEDD, LVEF] levels in each group were compared. The results showed that the TO, QTd, QTcd and LVEDD in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while TS, SDNN and LVEF were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). TS and SDNN in death group were significantly lower than those in survival group ( P<0.05). The TO of death group was higher than that of survival group, while the QTd, QTcd, LVEF and LVEDD of death group were lower than those of survival group, but there was no significant difference ( P>0.05). This study demonstrated that, HRT in patients with AMI decreased or even disappeared, HRV and LVEF decreased, LVEDD and QTd increased, and the QT interval prolonged. The echocardiography combined with dynamic electrocardiogram examination has important clinical value in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of patients with AMI.
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    Analysis of the Effect of IVIM Quantitative Analysis on Differential Diagnosis of Different Molecular Types of Breast Cancer
    WANG Lin, CHEN Xiangrong, XU Shuhui, LIAN Tao, LIN Qiansen, YU Meiying
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2020, 38 (2): 368-375.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.191018
    Abstract343)      PDF (1281KB)(603)       Save
    To evaluate the application value of IVIM-DWI in differentiating different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The clinical data of 121 patients with breast cancer who were hospitalized in our hospital from July 2016 to March 2019,and 32 patients with benign breast masses were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent MRI assessment and IVIM-DWI imaging. The ADC value and the IVIM-DWI multi-parameter values were obtained.The quantitative detection of ADC and IVIM-DWI multiple parameter values among different molecular subtypes of breast cancer was compared. (1) The ROC curve shows that in the identification of benign and malignant breast lumps, The area under the curve of D value is larger than ADC, D * and f ( P<0.05); The area under the curve predicted by the four indexes was significantly higher than that predicted by the four indexes alone ( P<0.05).(2) The D value in the tumor tissues of the ER and PR negative groups was lower than that of the positive group, and the D * value was higher than that of the positive group ( P<0.05). The ADC value and D value in the tumor tissues of Ki67<14% group were higher than those in Ki67 ≥ 14% group, and the D * value was lower than that in Ki67 ≥ 14% group ( P<0.05); In the HER-2 positive group tumor, the f value in the tissue was higher than that in the HER-2 negative group ( P<0.05); (3) There were differences in ADC value, D value, D * value and f value between different types of breast cancer, among which the three negative breast cancer group showed lower ADC value, D value and higher f value ( P<0.05). IVIM is a valuable magnetic resonance technique that can be used to identify benign and malignant breast masses and to differentiate breast cancer molecular subtypes. Understanding the characteristics of breast cancer through IVIM parameters provides a new way to accurately assess breast cancer.
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    Evolution and Progress of I-Line Photoresist Materials
    ZHENG Jin-hong
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2012, 30 (2): 81-90.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2012.02.81
    Abstract2680)      PDF (1204KB)(2972)       Save
    Novolak-diazonaphthoquinone photoresists have been widely used in g-line、i-line lithography for its high performance. Although g-line and i-line photoresists are both consisted of novolak resin and diazonaphthoquinone photoactive compounds,in order to fit i-line exposure wavelength and seeking for higher resolution, novolak resin and photoactive compounds(PAC) both have difference in structure from g-line to i-line.In i-line resist,the o-o'bonding content of resin is higher, the esterfication of PAC is higher, the proximity of DNQ groups is distant. Dissolution promoter is an important component of i-line resists, some phenolic additives were very useful to control the dissolution behavior.
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    Imaging Characteristics and Related Factors of Patients with Cerebral Infarction after Cardiac Surgery
    BAHTIYAR·keram, LI Jian, ZHANG Daquan
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2020, 38 (2): 362-367.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.191006
    Abstract358)      PDF (599KB)(484)       Save
    The imaging features of cerebral infarction patients after cardiac surgery and related factors of cerebral infarction were discussed. 286 cases of cardiac surgery patients were selected as the study subjects. 34 cases of cerebral infarction occurred after operation. According to different surgical methods, the patients with cerebral infarction were divided into 11 cases of cardiopulmonary bypass group and 23 cases of non-extracorporeal circulation group. The imaging features of postoperative cerebral infarction were compared between the two groups, and the influencing factors of cerebral infarction after cardiac surgery were analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of perforation, watershed infarction, multiple infarction, and old infarction between the two groups ( P>0.05). The incidence of cortical infarction in the extracorporeal circulation group was significantly lower than that in the non-extracorporeal circulation group. The incidence of large infarction and bilateral infarction in the extracorporeal circulation group was significantly higher than that in the non-extracorporeal circulation group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that gender, fasting blood glucose, TC, TG, LDL-C, Hcy, smoking, and drinking were not the influencing factors of cerebral infarction after cardiac surgery ( P>0.05); age, education level, history of hypertension, diabetes as heart Influencing factors of cerebral infarction after surgery ( P<0.05); multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, high age, low education, history of hypertension ≥ 10, diabetes was an independent influencing factor of cerebral infarction after cardiac surgery ( P< 0.05). This article shows that extracorporeal circulation surgery is often a large area of infarction, bilateral infarction, heavier symptoms, non-extracorporeal circulation surgery is often cortical infarction, and both watershed infarction, more related to embolism and hypoperfusion. Cerebral infarction after cardiac surgery is closely related to high age, low level of education, history of hypertension ≥ 10, and diabetes. Early targeted prevention intervention may reduce the incidence of cerebral infarction.
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    The Self-calibration Technology of Camera Intrinsic Parameters Calibration Methods
    ZHANG Jiyou, WANG Dongjie, MA Lina
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2016, 34 (1): 15-22.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2016.01.015
    Abstract671)      PDF (2291KB)(3330)       Save

    Camera self-calibration technology is a camera calibration that only use the images of surroundings and the relative relationships of images but not relying on the calibrating reference. Self-calibration only needs to match the points on images. The method is very flexible and has a wide application range. We introduced the basic principles and arithmetic of self-calibration, and introduced the research condition of inland and foreign with the calibration results. At last, we approached the key technologies of self-calibration methods.

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    Research Progress of the Bottom Anti-reflective Coating for Photoresist
    WANG Kuan, LIU Jingcheng, LIU Ren, MU Qidao, ZHENG Xiangfei, JI Changwei, LIU Xiaoya
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2016, 34 (2): 123-135.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2016.02.123
    Abstract1722)      PDF (3870KB)(5088)       Save

    With the rapid development of the micro-electronics industry, lithography technology has been moving forward to a higher resolution. Bottom anti-reflective coating has attracted great attention of researchers in terms of effectively eliminating the standing wave effect and the notching effect, improving the critical dimension uniformity and the patterning resolution. In this article, the photoresists and photolithography technique, and the classification, basic principle, etching process and development situation of the bottom anti-reflective coating are briefly reviewed. The latest research progress of the bottom anti-reflective coating is summarized in detail, especially the application of developable bottom anti-reflective coating in photoresist. Finally, the prospect and research directions of bottom anti-reflective coating in the future are also introduced.

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    Progresses on Sensitization of Cationic Photoinitiators
    ZHANG Hong, LI Jian-xiong, LIU An-hua
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2013, 31 (1): 69-78.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2013.01.009
    Abstract2144)      PDF (1060KB)(3764)       Save
    The curing rate and quantum efficiency of cationic photoinitiators are relatively low because the UV absorption of the photoinitiators ranges from 250 nm to 300 nm normally and does not match with the wavelength of light from UV light sources. To make the absorption red-shift, many efforts have been devoted onto the photosensitization of the photoinitiators. The achievements on the sensitization of the cationic photoinitiators have been summarized here. The sensitization is mainly based on the mechanisms as energy transfer, oxidation of free radical,electron transfer via exciplexes and addition fragmentation reaction. The methods adopted for the sensitization include adding photosensitizer,expanding molecular conjugation and attaching chromophore. The development of the photoinitiators and photosensitizers has been outlined and the applications of novel cationic photoinitiators and photosensitizers have been forecasted.
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    Value of Multi-slice Spiral CT Perfusion Imaging in Evaluating Interventional Thermochemotherapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    CHEN Tingyu, WANG Tao, GONG Qiyun, WANG Heng, ZHANG Hongwei
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2020, 38 (2): 272-279.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.190909
    Abstract358)      PDF (2691KB)(440)       Save
    To investigate the application value of multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging (CTPI) in evaluating the efficacy of interventional thermal chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced liver cancer, we analyzed the CTPI perfusion parameters and serum oncology markers of 72 patients with middle and advanced liver cancer before and after interventional thermochemotherapy treatment. Compared with the data before treatment, it was found that the perfusion parameters of CTPI in the cancer foci were significantly improved after treatment, and the serum tumor markers were significantly decreased. The CTPI perfusion parameters and serum tumor markers showed statistically significant differences between the complete lipiodol depositon group and partial lipiodol depositon group, the same as between the objective remission group and non-remission group. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between CTPI perfusion parameters and serum tumor markers of liver cancer patients. In conclusion, CTPI perfusion parameters can effectively reflect arterial blood supply changes in patients with advanced liver cancer before and after interventional thermal chemotherapy, providing a valuable reference for clinical efficacy evaluation.
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    Preparation of the Photosensitive Amphiphilic Compound Having an Azobenzene Group and the Effect of the Light Illumination on Its Properties
    CHAO Junjie, JIANG Xiaoming
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2020, 38 (4): 615-620.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200402
    Abstract331)      PDF (2200KB)(549)       Save
    A photosensitive amphiphilic compound (AS), which has an azobenzene group, was synthesized using p-methylaniline and phenol as the start material in four steps. Its structure was characterized by 1H NMR. The photoisomerization of the compound was studied by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the structure of AS is changed from the trans-conformation to the cis-conformation after UV irradiation. The surface tension of AS was measured in the aqueous solution and the corresponding physicochemical parameters were calculated. The results show that after UV irradiation the values of cmc and γ cmc increase, Г max decreases, and A min increases. The contact angle of the AS solution was measured on the quartz surface. The results show that the contact angle decreases after UV irradiation, and the wetting properties of AS is increased on the quartz surface. The adsorption process of AS was studied on the quartz surface by QCM-D. The results show that the amphiphilic molecule can adsorb onto the quartz surface to form a rigid film. After UV irradiation, the adsorption mass of AS is decreased on the quartz surface and the thickness of the adsorption film is decreased.
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    Research on All-optical Switch Based on Nonlinear Effect of Photonic Crystal
    GUO Yan, ZHU Jianfeng, ZHANG Han, FENG Yunpeng, CHENG Haobo
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2020, 38 (1): 15-21.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.190713
    Abstract490)      PDF (4352KB)(923)       Save
    The advantages of all-opticalization with its fast transmission processing have become the current research hotspot. Among them, all-optical switches play an important role in all-optolight. In this paper, the energy band of photonic crystal structure is calculated by plane wave expansion method and super-cell technology, and the forbidden band characteristics are analyzed. Through the analysis of the energy band characteristics of several photonic crystals, the design research of all-optical switch based on tetragonal crystal structures is determined. Based on the tetragonal system structure, the 15 all-optical switch structure with waveguide and cavity coupling is designed. The time domain finite difference method is used to simulate the electromagnetic field distribution map. On the basis of this, the structure was optimized and the performance of the switch was slightly improved. By studying the forbidden band characteristics of photonic crystals and analyzing the simulation results of all-optical switches, it can be determined that the nonlinear Kerr effect based on photonic crystals can design an all-optical switch structure with excellent switching performance and reduce the size and reaction time of all-optical switch.
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    Influences of Deposition Potential on ZnS Thin Films Prepared by Electrodeposition Technique
    XIA Dong-lin, LEI Pan, SHI Zheng-zhong, XU Jun
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2012, 30 (2): 129-133.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2012.02.129
    Abstract2027)      PDF (664KB)(1852)       Save
    ZnS thin films were deposited on ITO glasses by electrodeposition. The microstructure and surface morphology of thin films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to evaluate the optical properties of thin films. Effects of deposition potential on the microstructure and optoelectronic properties of ZnS thin films were studied, and the results showed that ZnS thin films were amorphous when the deposition potential changed from 1.5 V to 1.7 V, and the visible transmittance of thin films gradually decreased from 60% to 20% with the deposition potential increasing from 1.5 V to 1.7 V. The optical bandgap of ZnS thin film is about 3.97 eV. The thin film was crystalline with metal Zn existing in the films and the visible transmittance of thin films markedly decreased under the deposition potential was 2.0 V.
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    Preparation and Application of Carbon Quantum Dots Based on Up Conversion Photoluminescence
    DENG Yafeng, ZHOU Yihua, QIAN Jun, LUO Yan, WU Lihui
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2017, 35 (6): 884-893.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2017.05.010
    Abstract796)      PDF (1666KB)(1966)       Save

    CQDs have the characteristics of easy preparation, low toxicity, high chemical inertia, stable fluorescence properties and so on. CQDs and other carbon nanomaterials (such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes and graphene) have attracted the attention of researchers. The synthesis, properties, modification and application of CQDs are discussed in this paper, especially on the Up Conversion Photoluminescence that long wavelength excitation can emit short wavelength. Some implications for the synthesis, modification and application of CQDs based on up conversion photoluminescence are discussed in this paper too.

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    The Preparation of Ag Loaded Nanotube Titanic Acid Catalyst
    MA Xin-qi, FENG Cai-xia, GUI Li-li, YAO-Li, NIU Yu-qi, GUO Xin-yong
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2008, 26 (2): 104-108.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2008.02.104
    Abstract955)      PDF (822KB)(1698)       Save
    The Ag loaded nanotube titanic acid was prepared by the photo-reduction method. The photograph of TEM showed that Ag particles deposited on the surface of the nanotube titanic acid. Results of XPS and XRD indicated that the Ag + was reduced to metal. The results of photodegradation of methylene blue showed that the photocatalytic activity of Ag loaded nanotube titanic acid was higher than that of the nanotube titanic acid.
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    Diagnostic Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Combined with Tumor Markers in Unexplained Peritoneal Effusion in Women
    XIE Ran, YANG Qingxiong
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2020, 38 (2): 218-224.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.190819
    Abstract353)      PDF (1876KB)(461)       Save
    The aim of this paper is to investigate the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) combined with tumor markers in diagnosis of unexplained peritoneal effusion in women. The 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging data and tumor markers of 95 women with unexplained peritoneal effusion were retrospectively analyzed and compared with the pathological diagnosis. In the 95 patients, 74 patients were malignant and 21 patients were benign. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PET/CT for benign and malignant ascites were 98.65%, 19.05% and 81.05%, respectively. The SUV max of malignant peritoneal effusion was significantly higher than that of benign peritoneal effusion ( P>0.05). The patients were further subdivided according to the etiology, SUV max in ovarian cancer group was significantly higher than that in group of other benign causes ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the ovarian cancer group, the tuberculosis group and other malignant tumors group ( P>0.05). CA125 was the most effective marker for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and tuberculosis-induced peritoneal effusion. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CA125 were 98.2%, 7.7% and 81.4%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the diagnosis of CA125 or PET/CT alone and the combined diagnosis of them ( P>0.05). The research shows that 18F-FDG PET/CT has high sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of unexplained peritoneal effusion in women, but its specificity is poor. Combined examination of tumor markers can not improve the diagnosis of ascites caused by ovarian cancer and tuberculosis.
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    Determination of Indole Acetic Acid by SPR Biosensor Based on the Metal Nanoparticles Sensitization
    GAO Wenhui, WANG Zhaoqun, PAN Junqing, YIN Hongzong
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2017, 35 (6): 843-852.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2017.05.008
    Abstract632)      PDF (2453KB)(893)       Save

    Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was a new method for detecting 3-indole acetic acid (IAA). We adopted two kinds of indole acetic acid SPR biosensors to detect IAA:Traditional sensor 1 and Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles based sensor 2. Sensor 1:The wavenumber shifts were linearly proportional to the IAA concentration in a range from 175 to 350 μg/L with a detection limit of 25 μg/L (S/N=3). Sensor 2:The wavenumber shifts were linearly proportional to the IAA concentration in a range from 17.5 to 250 μg/L with a detection limit of 2.2 μg/L (S/N=3). The results showed that the sensor 2 based on Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles had higher sensitivity and lower detection limit than the the sensor 1. The rate of standard addition recovery was 96%-100.2%, the average was 98.4%. The prepared SPR biosensor had good precision, stability, repeatability and specificity.

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    Influence of Triton X-100 on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
    ZHANG Yuan, CAI Ning, ZHAO Ying, ZHAO Da-wei, LIU Guang-lu, JI Wei-wei, YANG Rui-xia
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2008, 26 (2): 125-130.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2008.02.125
    Abstract1677)      PDF (432KB)(1805)       Save
    In the fabrication of TiO 2 film electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells using screen-printing technique, the composition of TiO 2 slurry plays an important role in film microstructure and J-V curve of the solar cells. One of anhydrous TiO 2 slurry was used to prepare anode film by screen-printing technique in this paper, and it was applied in dye-sensitized solar cells. Experimental results show that the addition of Triton X-100 can influence the morphology of TiO 2 film obviously as well as the performance of solar cell. It could be concluded that deficient or excessive addition of Triton X-100 would result in the decrease of open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor and conversion efficiency. Good performance of solar cell can be obtained at the Triton X-100 amount of 0.8 mL in 3 g P25.
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    Controlling and Application of the Triplet Excited State of Organic Chromphores
    WANG Zhijia, CHEN Kepeng, LIU Ya, ZHAO Jianzhang, ZAFAR Mahmood, JI Wei, HAN Keli
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2017, 35 (3): 211-232.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2017.03.211
    Abstract1241)      PDF (8653KB)(2120)       Save

    The recent development of controlling of the triplet excited state of organic chromophores was summarized. Controlling the triplet excited state is very useful, by which various functional organic compounds can be developed. For instance, the activatable PDT photosensitizers, phosphorescent molecular probes, and can be applied in photoswitchable triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion. However, by comparison to the controlling of singlet excited state (fluorescence), the study on the controlling of the triplet excited state is rare. Recently there are some reports on triplet state switching by supramolecular or covalent modification methods, based on photophysical processes such as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), triplet triplet energy transfer (TTET), photo-induced electron transfer (PET), etc. These reports show that controlling of the triplet excited state is very different from controlling of the singlet excited state. For example, usually the singlet excited state can be quenched by PET effect, but the triplet excited state can not be quenched by PET effect in many cases. This review article summarizes the development of triplet state switching, and will be useful for the molecular design concerning the controlling and application of triplet excited state in functional organic compounds.

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    Low-Temperature Synthesis of MoO 3 Nanobelts Aqueous Sols with High Photoluminescence Properties
    ZHANG Yuan, WU Liang-zhuan, YU Yuan, LI Yu-zhen, ZHI Jin-fang
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2012, (5): 384-389.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2012.05.384
    Abstract1585)      PDF (878KB)(1569)       Save
    Colloidal molybdenum trioxide(MoO 3) nanobelts aqueous sols with high photoluminescence performance were successfully synthesized at low temperature (100℃) without assistance of any organics and templates. X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM),Fluorescence spectrameter and Fluorescence Microscope were used to characterize the structures and the properties of the as-prepared MoO 3 sols. The results revealed that the MoO 3 aqueous sol prepared is composed of a large number of colloidal MoO 3 nanobelts. The length of the nanobelts is about 100 μm, while the width is about 50-100 nm and the thickness is less than 10 nm. Large area free-standing MoO 3 nanobelts film with good toughness were obtained when the colloidal sols was dried.Its fluorescence properties were characterized by Fluorescence Microscope. The as-prepared MoO 3 nanobelts sols and free-standing MoO 3 nanobelts film both display high photoluminescence performance, which indicates their potential uses in fluorescence imaging, sensing and LED.
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    Enhancement Characteristics of Contrast-enhanced Spectral Mammography and Its Diagnostic Effect for BI-RADS Category 4 Breast Lesions
    YANG Hang, LI Zhenlin, ZHANG Xueqin, YANG Jixue, ZHOU Shuchuan, LIU Ying, ZHAO Shuang, YUAN Yuan
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2020, 38 (5): 876-881.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200113
    Abstract388)      PDF (1230KB)(390)       Save
    The purpose of the study is to explore the enhancement characteristics of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography and its diagnostic effect for breast imaging reporting and date system(BI-RADS)category 4 breast lesions. 60 patients whose lesions were categorized as BI-RADS 4 in CESM examination were recruited, and a total of 60 lesions were detected using pathology results as the gold standard, including 27 malignant lesions and 33 benign lesions. Signal values of ROI in CESM were measured, including lesions of craniocaudal (CC), mediolateral obliqde (MLO) and background, then percentage 876 difference (RS%) and contrast noise ratio (CNR) between lesions and background were calculated. According to the enhancement difference of lesions between two postures, the enhancement types were divided into:persistent (type Ⅰ), plateau (type Ⅱ), and washout (type Ⅲ). The difference of intensification degree and intensification type between the benign and malignant groups were compared, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in RS% and CNR between malignant and benign lesions ( P>0.05). 87% lesions were benign and 13% were malignant in type Ⅰ, 55.6% were benign and 44.4% were malignant in type Ⅱ, 15.8% were benign and 84.2% were malignant in type Ⅲ. Benign lesions were usually of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ, and malignant lesions were of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ. The difference between two groups was statistically significant. In conclusion, the enhanced type analysis could provide certain basis for identifying the benign and malignant types of BI-RADS category 4 lesions in CESM.
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    The Latest Research Progress of TiO 2 Inverse Opal Photonic Crystal
    YU Jie, CI Mingzhu, LU Quanling, MA Shuqing, JIANG Li, LEI Juying, LIU Yongdi, ZHANG Jinlong
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2018, 36 (1): 14-32.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2018.01.002
    Abstract617)      PDF (8745KB)(2148)       Save
    The study of TiO 2 inverse opal photonic crystal is concerned by the majority of scientists in recent years. It has the advantages of the titanium dioxide including non-toxic,the high refractive index, good biocompatibility, and excellent properties in electrochemistry, photo-catalysis, etc. And it also has optical properties of the band gap, photonic localization, slow light effect, super prism effect and negative refraction effect of the photonic crystal, which contributes to multitudinous potential applications in chemical sensors, solar cells, photo-catalysis, high efficient microwave wire,photonic crystal fiber, etc. In this paper,the preparation, modification and applications of the TiO 2 inverse opal photonic crystal in recent years were summarized.
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    Study on the Relationship between the Characteristics of TE Imaging, Severity and Insulin Resistance in Patients with NAFLD
    DAI Shuquan, YU Maowen, LI Jun, LIAO Changli, TANG Yan, LIU Qianguo, ZHANG Yaping
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2020, 38 (2): 225-230.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.190820
    Abstract309)      PDF (873KB)(491)       Save
    The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the imaging characteristics of TE(transient elastography) in patients with NAFLD(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and their severity and insulin resistance. We chose 112 patients with NAFLD and 108 patients with health check-up, compared the baseline data of the two groups of patients, and grouped the patients with NAFLD according to the condition and compared the relevant data.Research shows that the liver function, serum insulin, HOMA-IR(insulin resistance index) were significantly higher in the NAFLD group than in the control group ( P< 0.05). With the increase of fatty liver severity, the general age of patients increased, more men than women, liver hardness, liver function, and insulin-related indicators all increased significantly, with significant differences ( P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that CAP(controlled attenuation parameter) had high diagnostic value for mild, moderate and severe NAFLD, with sensitivity of 0.865, 0.861, 0.931, and specificity of 0.614, 0.819, and 0.822, respectively. With the aggravation of severity's condition in NAFLD, the CAP and HOMA-IR values increased significantly and were positively correlated( r=0.536, r=0.479).The TE imaging of NAFLD patients is closely related to the severity of NAFLD. Insulin resistance can also be clinically assisted in the diagnosis of NAFLD.
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    THE MECHANISM AND APPLICATION OF HYBRID UV CURING SYSTEM
    CHEN Ming, CHEN Qi-dao, XIAO Shan-qiang, HONG Xiao-yin
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2001, 19 (3): 208-216.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2001.03.208
    Abstract1587)      PDF (361KB)(5370)       Save
    Hybrid UV curing or dual curing consists of two or more kinds of polymerization or crosslinking reactions that take place in the same system, which is a novel approach to modify polymer materials in-situ. Hybrid UV curing system includes free radical-cationic hybrid UV curing system, Free radical-condensation polymerization system and free radical-free radical system. The mechanism and application of hybrid UV curing are reviewed in this paper.
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    Synthesis of GelMA/PEGDA Hydrogel by UV Photopolymerization
    WANG Yihu, ZHANG Bing, MA Ming, LU Weipeng, WANG Jianing, GUO Yanchuan
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2017, 35 (4): 574-580.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2017.04.019
    Abstract1996)      PDF (3220KB)(2347)       Save

    To avoid the thermolability of physically cross-linked gelatin hydrogel and toxicity of chemically cross-linked gelatin hydrogel, double bonds were introduced to gelatin molecule chain by acrylation, and then gelatin methacrylamide(GelMA) and polyethylence glycol diacrylate(PEGDA) were cross-linked to hydrogels by the UV photopolymerization. The relationship between the quantity of methacrylic anhydride(MA) and degree of modification and physicochemical properties of GelMA/PEGDA were investigated and analyzed. The result indicated that more radicals could be released in the system when more PEGDA were added. So the activity and extent of crosslinking reaction was increased and hydrogel with much denser 3D network was formed. Cross-linked GelMA/PEGDA hydrogel have better thermal stability than cross-linked GelMA at 37 ℃. Cross-linked GelMA/PEGDA hydrogel can be used as scaffold materials of tissue engineering.

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    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2019, 37 (3): 257-257.  
    Abstract278)      PDF (109KB)(595)       Save
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    Correlation between Ultrasound IMT and Plaque Indicators and Major Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
    LIANG Zhicheng, ZHAO Qiang, LI Mengxue
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2020, 38 (2): 231-235.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.190824
    Abstract327)      PDF (690KB)(518)       Save
    This article discusses the correlation between carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and plaque indicators and major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. 160 elderly people who were routinely examined in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2018 were selected as subjects. According to different IMT, they were divided into 78 cases in the control group, 52 in the thickening group and 30 in the plaque group. Correlation analysis between carotid IMT and plaque indicators and major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The results showed that the proportion of men, age, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and postprandial 2 h blood glucose level in the thickening group and the plaque group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). Multivariate Loglsitlc analysis showed a significant positive correlation between IMT and male ratio, age, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, and postprandial 2 h blood glucose levels ( P<0.05). This article confirms that carotid IMT levels and plaque calcification are significantly associated with male risk factors for cardiovascular disease, male ratio, age, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and postprandial 2 h blood glucose level.Clinically, cardiovascular events can be predicted.
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    UPCONVERSION FLUORESCENCE IN ZnWO 4:Er 3+ CRYSTAL BY LD EXCITED
    ZANG Jingcun, LIU Yanhang, CHEN Xiaobo, HAO Zhao, WANG Weiqin, YIE Jianping
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    1998, 16 (2): 127-131.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.1998.02.127
    Abstract738)      PDF (506KB)(1736)       Save
    Single crystals of ZnWO 4: Er 3+(Er:0.02 mol) have been grown by the Czochralski method and their absorption and excitation spectra are measured. It is observed that the up conversion luminescence phenomenon in the crystals by laser diode(LD)excited with 500 mW power at 966 nm wavelength. The most strong fluorescence intensity are occurred at 547 and 558 nm wavelength. Studies on emission spectra shown that the excitation process of upconversion luminescence relatives to the stepwise two photon absorption.
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    Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Hippocampus Segmentation Based on 2D DenseU-net
    SHI Jiali, GUO Lijun, ZHANG Rong, GAO Linlin, LI Xiaobao
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2019, 37 (4): 336-348.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.190601
    Abstract508)      PDF (5935KB)(765)       Save
    Aiming at the problem that the deep U-net network is prone to gradient disappearance and low feature reuse rate, this paper proposes a 2D DenseU-net hippocampus segmentation algorithm framework, which combines DenseNet and U-net network structures. By constructing the dense connection between the current layer and all the previous layers in U-net, the problem of gradient disappearance of deep U-net is easily alleviated, and feature propagation and feature reuse are enhanced; DenseU-net maintains the advantages of dense connections while maintaining a long connection structure for downsampling and upsampling in U-net networks, helping to preserve shallow information. In addition, due to the small proportion, small size and unclear edge of the hippocampus, this paper adopts positive sample data enhancement technology, size cutting technique, deletion of invalid sample technology and edge sampling technique for the data samples, which effectively balances the positive and negative samples, and magnified the hippocampus details. These pre-processing techniques ensure that the complete features are acquired for network training. The experimental results on the public data set ADNI (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) show that the proposed method can achieve an average segmentation Dice accuracy of 92.63%, which is better than the traditional hippocampus segmentation method and some popular hippocampus segmentation models based on deep learning.
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    Common Problems of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy on Colocalization
    WANG Juanjuan, WEI Xuehong
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2018, 36 (6): 532-538.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.180301
    Abstract1009)      PDF (3413KB)(1291)       Save
    The colocalization of fluorescence is a common technique in the biological imaging. In order to get true results of colocalization, we describe the following four aspects in detail, which are common problems of colocalization by Zeiss LSM880 (confocal laser scanning microscope, CLSM), as well as the solutions. First, how to use CLSM for colocalization experiments. Second, how to conduct colocalization analysis. Third, how to evaluate colocalization. Fourth, how to determine the colocalization results. In the colocalization study, we can get the accurate and reliable colocalization analysis results if we take the images strictly following the basic requirements of the colocalization experiment and analyse them according to the above methods.
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    Evaluation of the Relationship Between MMP-9, PAF, Lp-PLA2 and Coronary Plaque Properties Based on Dual-source CT Angiography
    LIU Feng, DENG Daping
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2020, 38 (2): 291-295.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.190913
    Abstract352)      PDF (579KB)(538)       Save
    Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is one of the common diseases that threaten health. In this study, I selected 206 patients with coronary heart disease diagnosed in our hospital from February 2017 to December 2018. Among them, there were 114 patients of acute coronary syndrome(ACS group) and 92 patients of stable angina pectoris(SAP group). The plaque properties of the patients were detected by dual-source CT angiography. The concentrations of serum MMP-9, PAF and Lp-PLA2 were measured in the laboratory, and the relationship between MMP-9, PAF, Lp-PLA2 and plaque properties was analyzed. The results showed that the plaque area and eccentricity index of the patients in the ACS group were larger than those in the SAP group ( P<0.05). The levels of serum MMP-9, PAF and Lp-PLA2 in the ACS group were higher than those in the SAP group ( P<0.05). The proportion of vulnerable plaques in the ACS group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group ( P<0.05). The levels of serum MMP-9, PAF and Lp-PLA2 in all vulnerable plaques were higher than those in stable plaques, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The eccentricity index of coronary plaque was positively correlated with serum MMP-9, PAF and Lp-PLA2 concentrations ( P<0.05). Therefore, the observation of coronary atherosclerotic plaque by dual-source CT angiography and serum MMP-9, PAF and Lp-PLA2 levels can be used to assess the patient's condition. Serum MMP-9, PAF and Lp-PLA2 concentrations are related to the nature and instability of plaque, which can provide a basis for predicting the nature of coronary plaque in patients.
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    The Value of Transabdominal Combined Transvaginal Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Evaluating the Pernicious Placenta Previa Complicated Placenta Implantation
    WANG Jiali, HU Jian, YANG Fan, JIANG Yaqiong, LI Li
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2020, 38 (2): 339-343.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.190928
    Abstract396)      PDF (952KB)(411)       Save
    The value of transabdominal combined transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography in evaluating the pernicious placenta previa (PPP) complicated placenta implantation was analyzed in this study. 172 patients with PPP from June 2017 to June 2019 were selected as the subjects of this study, all patients were examined by transabdominal and transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography. The evaluation value of transabdominal and transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography and their combination to PPP complicated placenta implantation was analyzed. The postpartum pathological results showed that among 172 patients with PPP, 120 patients (69.77%) were complicated placenta implantation, and 52 patients (30.23%) were not omplicated placenta implantation. In the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of evaluating the PPP complicated placenta implantation, the transabdominal color Doppler ultrasonography were 76.67%, 73.08% and 75.58%, the transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography were 83.33%, 80.77% and 82.56%, the transabdominal combined transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography were 96.67%, 96.15% and 96.51%, the transabdominal combined transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography were significantly higher than the transabdominal and transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). This study confirms that, Transabdominal and transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography are the effective methods for evaluating the PPP complicated placenta implantation, and their combined evaluation value is higher, it's worth for further clinical promotion.
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    Study on Synthesis and Properties of an Amidine-based Photobase Generator Sensitive to LED Light
    ZHENG Yuanjian, YANG Yi'nan, LU Huaqiao, LIU Ren, LI Zhiquan
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2020, 38 (1): 27-36.   DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.190801
    Abstract465)      PDF (3277KB)(661)       Save
    As a key component of photocuring system, a photobase generator has an important influence on the photocuring rate and properties of the cured materials. In this paper, a novel unimolecular amidine-based photobase generator, containing a xanthone as a chromophore and DBN as a latent active base functionality, was designed and synthesized. The photophysical and photochemical 27 behaviors were systematically investigated. The results show that the synthesized photobase generator has strong absorption at 345 nm, and the DBN released after photolysis can effectively catalyze the polymerization of thiol-epoxy system. Compared with the commercial latent benzyl amidine photobase generator, the introduced xanthone chromophore makes the absorption wavelength red shift, matching with the 365 nm LED light. Compared with the ionic thioxantone-based photobase generator, the nonionic photobase generator does not produce CO 2 after photolysis, which offer it great potentials for various applications.
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    Effect of Pressure on Morphology and Crystallinity of the Perovskite Thin Film
    KONG Xiangbin, CHEN Yongzhen, LI Zhiyi, LIU Yanwei, WEI Xiaofang, LIU Jianjun, WANG Ruifang, WANG Ying
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2017, 35 (5): 749-757.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2017.04.035
    Abstract634)      PDF (4424KB)(1042)       Save

    A novel and simple method to control the crystallization process during the formation of perovskite thin films is critical for optimizing the device fabrication process and constructing high efficiency perovskite solar cells. In this article, a method of adjusting the vacuum was used to effectively control the crystallization process. Furthermore, the role of pressure and its influence upon perovskite crystal growth, film formation and device performance were systematically investigated. The crystallinity and morphology of the perovskite thin film were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra (UV-Vis) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on the structure of Glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM/Al, the performance of the device corresponding to the different pressure was studied. The results indicate that the decreased pressure can enhance the crystallinity of the perovskite film obviously, and improve the surface coverage by reducing the amount of holes. At the same time, the short circuit current, filling factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device are all improved with the pressure decreasing. A 19% higher power conversion efficiency of 12.36% was achieved in comparison to the device fabricated by traditional method, which exhibited just 10.38% efficiency.

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    Studies on Synthesis of Sulfonium Salts and Their Properties as Photo-acid Generator
    WANG Mei-li, WANG Wen-guang, HAN Yuan-li, PU Jia-ling
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2008, 26 (2): 88-93.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2008.02.88
    Abstract1334)      PDF (398KB)(1786)       Save
    Two kinds of sulfonium salts as Photo-acid Generator have been successfully synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by 11HNMR and MS. Some physical performances have also been measured. Further, their photo-decomposition and acid-forming performance in acetonitrile under irradiation at 405 and 365 nm were evaluated by the method ascertained in our laboratory. It is found that two sulfonium salts have high thermo-decomposition temperature and good dissolution in some organic solvents. When exposed at 405 nm, the quantum yields of decomposition of 4-(9-phenyl-anthracenyl)phenyl sulfonium salt of methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (PAGS1) and 4-(4′-(N, N-diethyl)-1′-styrenyl)phenyl sulfonium salt of methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (PAGS2) were 10% and 15% respectively; their quantum yields of acid-forming were 8.1% and 13% respectively. However, when exposed by 365 nm, their quantum yields of decomposition and acid forming were very low. Finally, it is concluded that both PAGS1 and PAGS2 are sensitive to light at 405 nm and applicable to be used as PAG in Purple Laser CTP technology.
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    SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SQUARYLIUM CYANINE DYES CONTAINING N-ALKYL INDOLE
    WANG Wei, YAO Zuguang
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    1997, 15 (4): 321-326.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.1997.04.321
    Abstract1070)      PDF (304KB)(3186)       Save
    Seven squarylium indocyanine dyes with different N-alkyl group were synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, MS spectroscopy and element analysis. Absorption spectra, melting points, solubilities and photofading were also studied. It was found that introducing squaric bridge in conjugated chain improved photostabilities. Influence of N-alkyl groups on λ max were weak, but were great on solubilities and melting point. The group with branched chain on nitrogen atom having good solutilities was found.
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    Current Progress in Molecular Photoswitches Based on Hexaarylbiimidazole: Molecular Design and Synthesis, Properties and Application
    GONG Wenliang, XIONG Zujin, ZHU Mingqiang
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2014, 32 (1): 43-59.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2014.01.043
    Abstract1398)      PDF (5164KB)(2043)       Save

    Hexaarylbiimidazole(HABI)was first discovered as photochromic material in 1960 by Hayashi and Maeda when they investigated the chemiluminescence formed by oxidation of 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole. HABI is new photochromism material, which also possess thermochromism and piezochromism. The photochromism mechanism of HABI is the photo-induced homogeneous cleavage of the C—N bond between the two imidazole rings followed by the formation of two triphenylimidazole radical. As the speed of the colored species dimerizes to HABI (colorless species) is very slow (τ1/2 is about minutes) and the triphenylimidazole radicals are relatively reactive, the fatigue resistance is very poor. In recent years, Jiro Abe's group proposed an idea of using a "bridge structure" to inhibit the diffusion of TPIRs. In this way the decay half-life of the TPIR reduced from minutes to tens of micro seconds. Lately, they applied modified HABIs in holographic imaging, which exhibits the great potential of HABI as photochromic materials. Meanwhile, designing and synthesizing proper fluorescent HABI photoswitches and their applications to super-resolution microscopy imaging are undertaken in our group.

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    Photopolymerization Kinetics of 2,2'-diomethoxyphenyl- 4,4',5,5'-tetraphenyl-1,2'-diphenylimidazole Photoinitiator System
    CHEN Jie, WANG Ke-min, LU Jian, JIANG Shan, NIE Jun, MA Gui-ping, QIAN Xiao-chun
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2012, 30 (3): 210-215.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2012.03.210
    Abstract1368)      PDF (507KB)(1423)       Save
    The photopolymerization kinetics of 2,2'-diomethoxyphenyl-4,4',5,5'-tetraphenyl-1,2'-diphenylimidazole (BMOIM) was investigated in this study. The UV absorption spectra of photoinitiator, hydrogendonor and photosensitizer were analysized by UV spectrometer. Real time infrared spectroscopy (RT-IR) was used to investigate the influence of different light intensity, different functionality monomer system and photoinitiator concentration on polymerization kinetics. The results showed that the double bond conversion could reach to 96% in 20 s, when the concentration of photoinitiator was 0.6%. The rate of polymerization increased with increase of the initiator concentration. The final double bond conversion and polymerization rate increased with increase of light intensity. The final double bond conversion of bifunctional monomer was higher than that of trifunctional monomer.
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    Decomposition of Hydrogen Sulfide to Produce Hydrogen under Ultraviolet Light
    XU Hong, BAI Xue-feng
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2008, 26 (2): 131-137.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2008.02.131
    Abstract1723)      PDF (1032KB)(3250)       Save
    The direct photodecomposition of hydrogen sulfide to produce hydrogen under ultraviolet light is studied in the sodium solution illuminated by the 10 W low-pressure mercury-lamp (λ= 253.7 nm) as illuminant. The effects of the reaction conditions on the hydrogen production from hydrogen sulfide, such as the form of sulfide ions, the concentration of sodium solution, the pH value of the reaction solution and the rate of hydrogen sulfide are investigated. The results show that direct decomposition of hydrogen sulfide under ultraviolet light could occur without catalyst. The highest hydrogen production rate is 3.0 mL/W·h when the sodium solution is 0.6 mol/L and the successive hydrogen sulfide rate is 25 mL/h.
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    Design and Mechanism of Photo-Controlled Metal Ion (Zn 2+ and Cd 2+) Release System
    ZHANG Xu, CHEN Yi
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2012, 30 (4): 318-318.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2012.04.318
    Abstract818)      PDF (128KB)(1223)       Save
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    Co /Zn Tetrahedron for Selectively Luminescent Recognition of ATP
    JIAO Yang, YAN Yuyu, HE Cheng, DUAN Chunying
    Imaging Science and Photochemistry    2014, 32 (1): 98-105.   DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2014.01.098
    Abstract798)      PDF (1972KB)(1606)       Save

    Because the unique spatial confinement, easy assembly and multi-functional features of cage-like metal-organic complexes, there is an important advantage for the selective recognition of small biological molecules. Here we reported a organic ligand L2 which has a high degree of symmetry, and got two zinc/cobalt-based cage-like complexes Zn-L2/Co-L2 through complexation with transition metal ions Zn / Co. These two cage-like complexes Zn-L2 and Co-L2 are tetrahedron on geometry which have with optical activity. The tetrahedral complexes Zn-L2/Co-L2 are cationic cage-like complexes to studied the recognition for biological small molecules nucleotide. By means of fluorescence to study the interaction between nucleotide and tetrahedral complexes Zn-L2/Co-L2, we found that there were three aniline significantly enhanced fluorescence signal when only adenosine triphosphate molecule ATP was added. The tetrahedral complexes Zn-L2/Co-L2 are the selective recognition of ATP.

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