Table of Content

15 January 2014, Volume 32 Issue 1

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2014, 32(1):  1-2. 

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Phototriggers：Work Mechanisms and Applications

LIN Qiuning, YANG Yunlong, FANG Qian, BAO Chunyan, ZHU Linyong

2014, 32(1):  3-27.  DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2014.01.003

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The advantage of non-invasive manipulating with high spatiotemporal resolution of light-control technology make it favourable in bio-applications. Phototrigger with three major functions of photoactivation, photocleavge and photorelease is one important class of the photoresponsive molecules to construct materials with photo-controllability. However, with the expansion of the application of light-control technology in the bio-medicine field, new requirements and challenges are proposed for photoresponsive molecules especially for phototriggers. This review summarizes the typical types of phototriggers, their basic working principles, and their applications in the field of biology and material research in recent years.

Development and Application of Diarylethene Based Fluorescent Switch

LU Guanglei, LIU Keyin, MENG Luyan, YI Tao

2014, 32(1):  28-42.  DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2014.01.028

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Diarylethene is one of the most promising photo switchable units within the classic photochromic system because of its excellent thermal stability, great fatigue resistance, fast response and high quantum yield. This article reviews the development and application of diarylethene as photo switchable material in our group, mainly involved in nondestructive readout and living cells imaging.

Current Progress in Molecular Photoswitches Based on Hexaarylbiimidazole： Molecular Design and Synthesis, Properties and Application

GONG Wenliang, XIONG Zujin, ZHU Mingqiang

2014, 32(1):  43-59.  DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2014.01.043

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Hexaarylbiimidazole(HABI)was first discovered as photochromic material in 1960 by Hayashi and Maeda when they investigated the chemiluminescence formed by oxidation of 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole. HABI is new photochromism material, which also possess thermochromism and piezochromism. The photochromism mechanism of HABI is the photo-induced homogeneous cleavage of the C—N bond between the two imidazole rings followed by the formation of two triphenylimidazole radical. As the speed of the colored species dimerizes to HABI (colorless species) is very slow (τ_1/2 is about minutes) and the triphenylimidazole radicals are relatively reactive, the fatigue resistance is very poor. In recent years, Jiro Abe's group proposed an idea of using a "bridge structure" to inhibit the diffusion of TPIRs. In this way the decay half-life of the TPIR reduced from minutes to tens of micro seconds. Lately, they applied modified HABIs in holographic imaging, which exhibits the great potential of HABI as photochromic materials. Meanwhile, designing and synthesizing proper fluorescent HABI photoswitches and their applications to super-resolution microscopy imaging are undertaken in our group.

Progress in Resorufin-Based Spectroscopic Probes

LI Zhao, MA Huimin

2014, 32(1):  60-68.  DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2014.01.060

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Spectroscopic probes may be defined as the reagents that can react with analytes, accompanied by the changes of their spectroscopic (chromogenic, or luminescent including chemiluminescent) properties; based on such changes the analytes can thus be determined. Spectroscopic probes have attracted continually growing attention because of their powerful ability to improve analytical sensitivity, and especially to offer greater temporal and spatial resolution for in vivo imaging studies. In recent years, resorufin-based spectroscopic probes have been developed greatly, possibly resulting from its superior properties such as long analytical wavelength, high quantum yield, good water-solubility and non-cytotoxicity. In particular, the spectroscopic signal of resorufin is easily quenched via 7-hydroxy substitution, which provides a convenient platform for preparing a spectroscopic probe with extremely low background signal. So far, this behavior has been widely used to design excellent resorufin-based spectroscopic probes for various analytes, such as enzymes, ions and reactive oxygen species. In the present paper, we will briefly review the progress of resorufin-based spectroscopic probes, including their design strategies, reaction mechanisms and analytical applications.

Recent Progress in Detection of Methylcytosine, Hydroxymethylcytosine, Formylcytosine, and Carboxylcytosine in DNA Based on Chemical Methods

XIAO Heng, TIAN Tian, ZHOU Xiang

2014, 32(1):  69-83.  DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2014.01.069

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As an important epigenetic phenomenon, DNA methylation plays significant roles in living systems. Besides methylcytosine, hydroxymethylcytosine, formylcytosine and carboxylcytosine are all the newly reported crucial intermediates during DNA methylation and demethylation process. They are precisely regulated in vivo, any disorder would lead to dysfunction. So, detection of such cytosine modifications has great significance. Herein, we summarize and discuss some recent progress of our group in the detection of methylcytosine, hydroxymethylcytosine, formylcytosine and carboxylcytosine based on chemical methods.

A Turn-on Fluorescent Probe for Fe³⁺ Based on Naphthalimide

YIN Liyan, CHEN Tiantian, ZHU Weiping

2014, 32(1):  84-90.  DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2014.01.084

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A naphthalimide-based turn-on fluorescent sensor for Fe³⁺ ion was designed and synthesized, whose receptor comprise piperazine and acetyl aminoquinoline. The results reveal that this novel probe exhibits a high selectivity to Fe³⁺ ion in neutral buffer aqueous. After silylation, the probe was covalently bonded to the silical particles to be a turn-on fluorescent sensing material, which showes a good linearity (correlation coefficient R₂=0.9023) in the range of 20-140 μmol/L of Fe³⁺ ion.

Synthesis of Disubstituted Polyacetylene Bearing Bis(2-(ethylthio)ethyl)amine and Recognition of Fe³⁺

HUANG Yanfen, HUANG Chi, LI Qianqian, LI Zhen

2014, 32(1):  91-97.  DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2014.01.091

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A bis(2-(ethylthio)ethyl)amine-functionalized disubstituted polyacetylene (P2) with strong green fluorescence was successfully synthesized by utilizing the postfunctional method. P2 could detect Fe³⁺ with high sensitivity and good selectivity. Furthermore, P2 could be put into application by test strips, making P2 a practical Fe³⁺ probe.

Co^Ⅱ/Zn^Ⅱ Tetrahedron for Selectively Luminescent Recognition of ATP

JIAO Yang, YAN Yuyu, HE Cheng, DUAN Chunying

2014, 32(1):  98-105.  DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2014.01.098

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Because the unique spatial confinement, easy assembly and multi-functional features of cage-like metal-organic complexes, there is an important advantage for the selective recognition of small biological molecules. Here we reported a organic ligand L₂ which has a high degree of symmetry, and got two zinc/cobalt-based cage-like complexes Zn-L₂/Co-L₂ through complexation with transition metal ions Zn^Ⅱ / Co^Ⅱ. These two cage-like complexes Zn-L₂ and Co-L₂ are tetrahedron on geometry which have with optical activity. The tetrahedral complexes Zn-L₂/Co-L₂ are cationic cage-like complexes to studied the recognition for biological small molecules nucleotide. By means of fluorescence to study the interaction between nucleotide and tetrahedral complexes Zn-L₂/Co-L₂, we found that there were three aniline significantly enhanced fluorescence signal when only adenosine triphosphate molecule ATP was added. The tetrahedral complexes Zn-L₂/Co-L₂ are the selective recognition of ATP.

Cyanine-based Near-infrared Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Thiols

ZHU Dongjian, JIANG Hua

2014, 32(1):  106-112.  DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2014.01.106

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The article describes the design and synthesis of a near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe CySS for thiols, the probe CySS has heptamethine cyanine as the reporter, a disulfide group as the thiol reaction site. The properties and application of CySS were studied in detail. The results demonstrate that CySS displays high sensitivity, good selectivity, and pH-independent. Moreover, we have demonstrated that CySS is suitable for imaging thiols in living cells, providing a potentially powerful tool for thiols detection in biological systems.

Fluorescence “Turn-on” Sensor for Cyanide Based on Phenazine Derivative

YANG Lin, ZHANG Xiao, QU Weisong, HUA Jianli

2014, 32(1):  113-120.  DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2014.01.113

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A chemodosimeter toward cyanide based on phenazine disulfonylindole (PDSI) was designed and synthesized. PDSI expressed obvious intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) absorption band at 750 nm. After the addition of cyanide, the C=N⁺ double bond was broken and neutralized and this ICT band dramatically decreased for the decreasing electron-withdrawing ability of indole moiety. Color change from green to light yellow could be observed which indicated that PDSI can realize real naked-eye detection of cyanide anion. On the other hand, a turn-on fluorescence signal was appeared after adding cyanide. The maximum emission band at 580 nm increased and achieved above 20-fold enhancement. Also, PDSI provided high sensitivity and selectivity with a low detection limit (20 nmol/L) which is below the maximum contaminant level for cyanide (MCL) in drinking water (0.02 ppm) set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Other anions except for cyanide caused no response signal.

Preparation, Characterization and Cell Imaging of pHresponsive Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles

WANG Jianwu, ZHU Chunlei, FENG Liheng, YUAN Huanxiang, LU Fengting, LIU Libing, WANG Shu

2014, 32(1):  121-130.  DOI: 10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2014.01.121

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Conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have attracted much attention in biomaterials and biomedical fields owning to their high brightness, low cytotoxicity and easy modification properties. Herein, a new conjugated polymer PFPA was synthesized and the nanoparticles were prepared using a nanoprecipitation method. Dynamic light scattering experiment indicates that PFPA nanoparticles possess small size with an average diameter of 8 nm in water. PFPA nanoparticles exhibit maximum absorption peak at 379 nm with a molar absorption coefficient of 2.1×10⁶ L·mol^-1·cm^-1 and maximum emission peak at 422 nm with a fluorescence quantum yield of 35%. Moreover, PFPA nanoparticles exhibit a satisfactory photostability under the irradiation of mercury lamp (100 W), and also display less cytotoxicity. In the aspect of applications, pHresponsive optical behavior and cell imaging ability make PFPA nanoparticles an attractive candidate for cancer diagnosis, drug and gene delivery.