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Table of Content

    15 September 2020, Volume 38 Issue 5
    Content
    2020, 38(5):  0-0. 
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    Review and Articles
    Research Progress on 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tracer
    MENG Fanqiang, LIU Yan, WU Yongjie, TAO Ke, SUN Kang
    2020, 38(5):  753-762.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200201
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    Because of no background noise in vivo, 19F magnetic relaxation imaging (19F MRI) has been widely used in biomedical research. Perfluorocarbons molecules are the main kinds of 19F MRI imaging tracers. The organic fluoride can achieve high 19F density, suitable relaxation time, high signal to noise ratio, as well as multimodal imaging by modification with functional groups. In recent years, 19F MRI imaging tracers have been gradually developed from organic compounds to inorganic compounds. In this review, we summarized the types, research status and application prospects of 19F MRI imaging tracers.
    Progress in Research on the Preparation of Gadolinium-doped Carbon Dots and Their Bimodal Imaging
    MA Yihua, CHEN Lin, YANG Yongzhen, YU Shiping, SU Xiuqin
    2020, 38(5):  763-770.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200401
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    Fluorescence-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dual-modal molecular probes, which breaks through the limitation of single molecular imaging probes in terms of sensitivity and soft tissue resolution, has attracted tremendous attention in the fields of diagnosis and treatment. Gadolinium-doped carbon dots (Gd-CDs) is a typical fluorescence-MRI dual-modal molecular probe. With excellent optical properties, good MRI capability and low toxicity, Gd-CDs has a wide application prospect in tumor targeting imaging and treatment monitoring. This work summarizes the research status of the preparations, performance, and applications of Gd-CDs in bimodal imaging. Present problems and prospects are also put forward.
    Preparation of Epoxy Microspheres by Continuous Photopolymerzation and Its Surface Functionalization
    HU Xiangwu, ZHU Xiaoqun, NIE Jun, WANG Tao, XU Yanqing, LIU Yao
    2020, 38(5):  771-779.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200301
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    In this paper, the functional polymer microspheres with epoxy functional groups on the surface were prepared by using a self-made continuous photopolymerization device based on suspension photopolymerization. Polymeric PGMA microspheres were prepared by copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with divinylbenzene (DVB). The effects of initiator dosage, monomer ratio, solvent ratio, stirring rate and light intensity on microsphere size and morphology were investigated. The structure, morphology and properties of the samples were characterized by electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermogravimetric (TG). By optimizing the experimental conditions, the particle size controllability of the microspheres was realized. IR determined that the microspheres contained epoxy group, and the microspheres prepared by the microscope had a good sphericity. These results showed the surface of the microscope is rich in epoxy and easy to be modified.
    Research Progress of Intrinsic Self-healing Coatings Based on Photochemical Reaction
    ZHOU Zhen, SU Xunzheng, LIU Jingcheng, LIU Ren
    2020, 38(5):  780-789.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200404
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    In this paper, research progress of Intrinsic self-healing coatings based on photochemical reaction were introduced, with emphasis on the UV-cured self-healing coatings based on disulfide bond exchange, Diels-Alder reversible reactions, hydrogen bonds, photo-crosslinking reaction and self-replenishing action. The preparation method, self-healing mechanism and repair efficiency of the coatings were described. Moreover, the future development and application of the Intrinsic self-healing coatings based on photochemical reaction were forecasted.
    Preparation of High Transparent Conductive Nanopaper and Its Application in Paper-based Capacitors
    ZHANG Kaili, CHEN Guangxue
    2020, 38(5):  790-794.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200526
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    In this thesis, nano-cellulose prepared by TEMPO oxidation and silver nanowires were used to prepare the nanofilm by the method of vacuum filtration. The prepared nanomembrane was soaked in the solution of choline chloride/urea aqueous. After drying, a highly transparent nano-conductive paper with good properties of electricity and mechanics was obtained. The obtained nano-conductive paper has a visible light transmittance of 90% or more, a maximum tensile strength about 17%, and a ten-fold increase in tensile properties over pure nanocellulose paper. The prepared highly transparent nano-conductive paper was applied to the paper-based capacitor, and it will broaden the application range of the paper-based conductive material in the flexible electronic devices.
    Calculation Method of Inkjet Printing Area Based on Pixel Clustering
    TIAN Peijuan, YU Jieyue, DING Jianhao
    2020, 38(5):  795-800.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200314
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    This paper proposed a method to predict the inkjet printing area based on pixel clustering of 1-bit tiff image. For the selected printing equipment and ink, firstly, use the micro measuring system to obtain the single ink radius, then read the 1-bit tiff image with each gray level, separate into more subtle grids and calculate the distances from each tiny grid to the center of the pixel with a value of 0, and then determine whether the grid is inked based on whether the distances calculated is shorter than the ink dot radius, finally, count the dot area by calculating the percentage of inked grids. The experimental results show that applying this method to forecast the dot area of inkjet plate, the forecasting error can meet the accuracy requirements of printing plate dot detection, the speed increases, and the operation error that may exist in the process of manual measurement is avoided. All in all, the method is beneficial to achieving linear correction of dot area fast and accurately.
    Application of 3D Reconstruction Technique Based on Amira Software in Precise Hepatectomy
    JI Yujun
    2020, 38(5):  801-806.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.191201
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    In this paper, we explored the clinical value of three-dimensional reconstruction based on Amira software in making the liver cancer surgery plan. In our retrospective study, 111 consecutive patients admitted for hepatectomy were included, among which 59 received preoperative CT (control group), and 52 received simultaneous three-dimensional reconstruction of liver and peripheral vessels (observation group). The scope of surgical resection, total volume of the liver and the volume of the pre-resection liver of the observation group were evaluated by two-dimensional and three-dimensional reconstruction. The differences among the clinical indicators of the two groups of patients were compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between the two groups. The R0 resection rate was 88.5% in observation group, which was significantly higher than the control group (71.2%). In the observation group, there was no significant difference in the volume of liver resection 801 calculated by two different methods. There was no significant difference in actual postoperative liver resection volume between the observation group and the control group. The incidence of complications, intraoperative blood loss and time to block hilar vessels in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group. In a word, the three-dimensional reconstruction technology based on Amira software can help to find the critical relationship between the tumor and the vascular system, as well as the anatomical variation of the key parts of the operation, which can guide the individualized treatment, and improve the preoperative safety assessment.
    Application Value of Ultra-micro Blood Flow Imaging Technique in the Diagnosis of Carotid Artery Stenosis in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
    WANG Wenfeng, CHANG Ye, MU Rongji
    2020, 38(5):  807-810.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200107
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    This study is mainly to explore the application value of ultra-fine blood flow imaging technology (SMI) in the diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke. 120 patients with ischemic stroke were selected as the subjects, including 178 arteries with stenosis. DSA is regarded as the gold standard, the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of carotid artery stenosis by vascular ultrasound and SMI were analyzed. It was found that the vascular ultrasound and SMI achieved good consistency (P<0.05). Compared with vascular ultrasound, the specificity and sensitivity of carotid arteries by SMI were improved significantly, especially for moderate and severe stenosis, and the accuracy of SMI is better and the difference is significant. In conclusion, SMI technology can provide a new non-invasive method for carotid artery stenosis.
    POCUS Measured of Respiratory Variability Index in Evaluation of the Volume Responsiveness in Mechanical Ventilation Patients with Septic Shock
    YAO Xiqing, LI Jiguang, REN Panpan, WANG Yanli
    2020, 38(5):  811-814.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200208
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    The application value of Point-of-care Ultrasound (POCUS) measured of respiratory variability index (RVI) in evaluation of the volume responsiveness (VR) in mechanical ventilation patients with septic shock (SS) is analyzed in this study. 70 patients with mechanical ventilation and SS were given rehydration test. Patients were divided into responsive (study group) 39 cases and non-responsive (control group) 31 cases according to cardiac index (CI) increased ≥ 15% or <15% after rehydration test. All patients were monitored by POCUS, the maximum diameter of IVC at end-inspiratory (Dmax) and minimum diameter of IVC at end-expiratory (Dmin) were measured before and after rehydration test, and RVI was calculated. After the rehydration test, RVI of the study group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). RVI of the study group was significantly correlation with CI (P<0.05). The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of RVI in predictive the VR of mechanical ventilation patients with SS were 811 higher than those of the Dmax and Dmin (P<0.05). Therefore, the RVI was significantly correlation with VR. POCUS measured of RVI can be used as a noninvasive method in predictive the VR of mechanical ventilation patients with SS.
    A Comparative Study of the Diagnostic Value of Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Mammography on Patients with BI-RADS 4-5 Microcalcifications
    XU Jinliang, TENG Xinrui, LIU Baoliang, MA Jie
    2020, 38(5):  815-821.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200302
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    To explore the diagnostic value of mammography (MG) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in lesions only appeared as microcalcifications requiring histological diagnosis suggested by BI-RADS evaluation. A retrospective analysis was made on 298 lesions requiring histological diagnosis suggested by BI-RADS evaluation, only appeared as microcalcifications, and classified as BI-RADS categories 4, 5 after MG evaluation, of which 52 patients underwent DCE-MRI examination within one week after MG examination. This study considered BI-RADS categories 1-3 as negative and BI-RADS categories 4-5 as positive through DCE-MRI, considered BI-RADS category 4A 815 as negative and BI-RADS 4B, 4C and 5 as positive through MG. The BI-RADS evaluation of the two imaging examinations was compared with the histopathology. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and positive likelihood ratio of DCE-MRI were all higher than MG. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of DCE-MRI combined with MG were higher than those of DCE-MRI and MG alone. The results showed that MRI diagnosis was more effective than mammography. The combined application of the two imaging methods can improve the diagnosis accuracy of suspicious lesions and avoid unnecessary biopsy.
    Study on CTP Evaluation of Pathological Parameters of Lung Cancer and the Clinical Efficacy Before and After Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
    ZHOU Jie, HU Chunfeng
    2020, 38(5):  822-827.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200310
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    To investigate the value of CT perfusion (CTP) in evaluating the pathological parameters of lung cancer and the clinical efficacy before and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.152 Patients with lung cancer treated with radiation and chemotherapy were chosen as the research object. Different CTP parameters, such as blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), time to peak (TTP), permeability surface (PS) between the patients with different tumor type, tumor size, radiation and chemotherapy before and after treatment were recorded. Our research found that BF, BV, TTP and PS values were the highest in SCLC, followed by adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (P<0.05).The values of BF, BV, TTP and PS in the groups with a volume 40 cm3 before radiotherapy and chemotherapy and without remission were higher than those in the groups with a volume<40 cm3, after radiotherapy and chemotherapy and in the remission group (P<0.05).Thus, CTP parameters were associated with the pathological type and tumor size of lung cancer, and the values of CTP parameters of patients after radiotherapy and chemotherapy and patients in remission are decreased.
    Application of Ultrasound E Imaging in the Diagnosis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
    ZHANG Ran, XU Yicai, LIU Qi, SHI Chaoling, YANG Xiaoqing
    2020, 38(5):  828-832.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200318
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    To investigate the value of ultrasound E imaging in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 120 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver were selected as the NAFLD group, and another 50 healthy subjects were selected as the healthy control group. Ultrasound E imaging was performed in both groups. Evaluate the diagnostic value of Young's modulus value to NAFLD and different pathological stages of NAFLD. Young's modulus value of NAFLD group was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group. With the aggravation of pathological stages, the Young's modulus value gradually increased (P<0.05). Young's modulus value has a high differential diagnosis value for NAFLD in different pathology of liver cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, and hepatitis. Enhanced young's modulus in patients with NAFLD can be used for clinical diagnosis of NAFLD and differential diagnosis of different pathological stages.
    The Diagnostic Value of Transabdominal Combined with Transvaginal Colour Ultrasound in Ectopic Pregnancy
    WU Li, ZHOU Jianying
    2020, 38(5):  833-837.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200326
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    240 patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy were selected as the subjects. They were given transabdominal and transvaginal color ultrasound examination. The pathological examination was taken as control, the diagnostic value of transabdominal and transvaginal color ultrasound and their combination for ectopic pregnancy was analyzed. The results showed that the detection rate of ultrasonic signs of ectopic pregnancy such as pseudopregnancy sac, embryo bud, fetal heart beat, accessory mass and pelvic effusion in the transabdominal combined with transvaginal colour ultrasound was significantly higher than that in the transvaginal ultrasound, the detection rate of ultrasonic signs of ectopic pregnancy such as pseudopregnancy sac, embryo bud, fetal heart beat, accessory mass and pelvic effusion in the transvaginal colour ultrasound was significantly higher than that in the transabdominal colour ultrasound (P<0.05). In the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, the transabdominal color ultrasound was 77.38%, 63.89%, 73.33%, the transvaginal color ultrasound was 88.10%, 80.56%, 85.83%, the transabdominal combined transvaginal color ultrasound was 95.24%, 833 94.44%, 95.00%, the transabdominal combined transvaginal color ultrasound was significantly higher than the transabdominal or transvaginal color ultrasound (P<0.05). This study confirms that, compared with transabdominal or transvaginal colour ultrasound, transabdominal combined with transvaginal colour ultrasound can improve the display rate of ultrasound signs of ectopic pregnancy, and it is helpful to improve the diagnostic value.
    Application of Real-time Three-dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography in Evaluating Cardiac Function of Patients with NVAF-MR
    LEI Ming, JIAO Linyang, DAI Hanxing
    2020, 38(5):  838-843.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200327
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    The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the cardiac function of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and mitral reflux (NVAF-MR) patients with the real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT-3d-TEE). 40 NVAF-MR patients and 40 healthy individuals were selected as the observation group and the control group. Patients in both groups received RT-3d-TEE examination. The results showed that left atrial diameter(LAD), anterolateral-posteromedial annulus diameter (DAlPm), three dimensional circumference(C3D), two dimensional area(A2D) and nonplanarity angle(NPA) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The valvular height and coaptation index were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). 838 The logistics regression analysis showed that LAD, DAlPm, A2D and coaptation index were correlated with NVAF-MR. The ROC curve analysis showed that LAD and coaptation index had highly sensibility and specificity in the diagnosis of NVAF-MR patients. Therefore, it is believed that RT-3d-TEE technology can accurately assess the mitral valve function of patients, and the diagnosis of those patients with LAD and coaptation index has higher sensitivity and specificity. A2D, DAlPm may be correlated with mitral regurgitation in NVAF patients.
    Quantitative Analysis of SPECT/CT on the Severity of Liver Fibrosis
    CHENG Miaomiao, LIU Peiwu
    2020, 38(5):  844-848.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200403
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    In this paper, we used SPECT/CT to analyze the severity degree of liver fibrosis. 124 patients were divided into fibrosis group and non-fibrosis group according to the pathological results, and classified the degree of fibrosis. The SPECT/CT quantitative analysis indexes of patients with different degrees of liver fibrosis were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the level of platelet count, LHL15 and SUVmean of liver fibrosis patients are significantly lower than those of non-fibrosis patients, which are protective factors to liver fibrosis. The level of prothrombin activity of fibrosis group is significantly higher than the non-fibrosis group, which is an independent risk factor. The AUC of SUVmean on liver fibrosis is significantly higher than other indicators (P<0.05), and the best cut-off point is ≤ 6.48. The level of LHL15 and SUVmean in patients with S0-S1 grade liver fibrosis are significantly higher than that in patients with S2-S4 grade liver fibrosis, while the Child-Pugh score was lower than that of patients with S2-S4 grade (P<0.05). The level of SUVmean had a significantly negative correlation with the degree of liver fibrosis (ρ=-0.873, P=0.000). The results of this experiment showed that the level of SUVmean can evaluate the severity of liver fibrosis.
    Ultrasonographic and Pathologic Findings of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Arising in Children and Adolescents
    LIU Shichu, TAN Xueli, ZHONG Xiaoling
    2020, 38(5):  849-854.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200411
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    Children and adolescents with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are rare, but their differences in sonographic and pathologic features are significant. A total of 34 consecutive patients including pathologically confirmed children (age ≤ 15 years) and adolescents (15-18 years) with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were recruited. We retrospectively analyzed the preoperative ultrasonography and pathology features, compared the difference of them. The incidence of gender in children and adolescents (male vs. female) were 3:5 vs.1:17 (P=0.020). Moreover, the presence of punctate echogenic foci on sonography was 93.8% vs. 50.0%. The presence of neck lymph node metastasis was 87.5% vs. 44.4%, and the ratio of category 5 nodules in ACR TI-RADS was 93.8% vs. 50.0% in children and adolescents patients (P<0.05). The histopathology ratio of staging N0, N1a and N1b in children and 849 adolescent groups were 4:5:7 and 6:11:1 (P=0.029), the ratio of pTNM staging Ⅰ and Ⅱ were 8:8 and 15:3 (P=0.038), respectively. In conclusion, the PTC in children have specific ultrasonography and pathology features, which were different from those of adolescent.
    Application of Transesophageal Echocardiography Combined with Contrast Transthoracic Echocardiography in Diagnosis of Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke
    DUAN Binghui, HUANG Lei, YIN Yuliang, XU Fangfang, LU Yuchen
    2020, 38(5):  855-861.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200413
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    A total of 147 patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke (CIS) were selected for a retrospective study. Among them, there were 99 patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) related CIS (PFO group) and 48 patients with non-PFO related CIS (non-PFO group). All patients underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE). The detection rate of cTTE and cTTE+TEE for PFO and right-to-left shunt (RLS) grade were compared, as well as their safety. And the score of paradoxical embolism (RoPE) scale, the inner diameter of PFO, the length of PFO were compared between the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC (AUC) were used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy. The correlation between RoPE score, PFO inner diameter and RLS classification were also analyzed. The results showed that the 855 positive rate of PFO detected by cTTE+TEE (67.35%) was higher than that of cTTE (55.10%). The proportion of patients with RLS grade Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ (64.63%) detected by cTTE+TEE was also higher than that of cTTE (53.06%). The highest AUC of RoPE score combined with the inner diameter of PFO in diagnosis of PFO-related CIS was 0.928, and RoPE score was positively correlated with inner diameter of PFO and RLS classification (P<0.05). In summary, cTTE combined with TEE can improve the detection rate of PFO and judge the degree of RLS collectly. RoPE score and inner diameter of PFO can be used for the diagnosis of PFO-RLS-related CIS.
    Application of Transvaginal Color Doppler Ultrasound in Clinical Diagnosis of Endometrial Lesions and Its Clinical Value
    CHEN Lanfang, JIANG Zhihong, ZHU Juan
    2020, 38(5):  862-865.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200104
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    To explore the application and clinical value of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound in the clinical diagnosis of endometrial lesions. The patients with endometrial diseases were examined by abdominal Doppler ultrasound and transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound, and the diagnostic coincidence rate of the two ultrasound results and pathological results was compared. The results showed that the diagnostic coincidence rate of endometrial cancer, endometrial polyp, endometrial hyperplasia, and submucosal myoma of uterus was significantly different in different examination methods (P<0.05).The diagnostic coincidence rate of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound was significantly higher than that of abdominal Doppler ultrasound. Among the patients with benign lesions, 21.78% presented blood flow signals, and the patients with malignant lesions, 100% presented blood flow signals (P<0.05). There is little difference between the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound and pathological examination in endometrial lesions,and the diagnostic accuracy is higher, which can be 862 used as a detection method for endometrial lesions in married women.
    Relationship Between Electrocardiographic Changes and Serum CRP and ESR Levels in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
    ZHI Lin, ZHU Hongying, YUAN Mei, WU Hang
    2020, 38(5):  866-870.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200109
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    In this study, ECG changes, serum C-reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels in patients with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis of different conditions were observed in order to explore the possible relationship between these three clinical tests and the types and extent of lung tissue injury. Firstly, 72 patients with newly diagnosed secondary pulmonary tuberculosis were selected as the study objects, and 72 patients with pneumonia alone were selected as the control group, we compared the difference of ECG changes and inflammatory indicators between the two groups. Then, patients in the observation group were classified according to the degree of injury and the types of lesions, and the three test results were compared between them. The results showed that patients with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis in this study were more likely to have abnormalities in ECG than patients with pneumonia 866 alone, and the frequency of tachyarrhythmia and ST-T changes was higher. There were differences among patients with different degrees of injury, but there was no difference among patients with different types of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis. The level of inflammatory indicators was higher in patients with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis than in patients with simple pneumonia, which had significant differences among patients with different degrees of injury, but no difference among patients with different types of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis. This study showed that ESR, CRP level and abnormal ECG changes in patients with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis were related to their degree of lesions.
    Diagnostic Efficacy of 3.0T Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI Combined with fPSA/tPSA in Prostate Cancer
    HU Qili, SONG Litao, HUANG Song
    2020, 38(5):  871-875.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200111
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    The diagnostic efficacy of 3.0T dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) combined with serum free prostate specific antigen(fPSA)/total prostate specific antigen(tPSA) in prostate cancer (PCa) was explored. 180 patients suspected PCa (PCa group) and 180 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH group) were selected, all subjects were scanned with 3.0T DCE-MRI. The volume transfer constant (Ktrans), the rate constant of the contrast medium returning to the plasma from the extracellular space (Kep) and the volume fraction of the extracellular space (Ve) were calculated. The levels of serum FPSA and TPSA were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the ratio of fPSA/tPSA were calculated. Compared with BPH group, the levels of Ktrans, Kep, fPSA and tPSA in PCa group were significantly higher (P<0.05), while fPSA/tPSA were significantly lower (P<0.05). The levels of Ktrans and Kep of PCa patients were negatively correlated with the levels of serum 871 fPSA/tPSA (P<0.05). The areas under the curve (AUC) of diagnosing PCa by combined detection was 0.961, and it was significantly better than single detection. The levels of Ktrans and Kep of DCE-MRI is correlated with the level of serum fPSA/tPSA, which can significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency of PCa and has more clinical application value.
    Enhancement Characteristics of Contrast-enhanced Spectral Mammography and Its Diagnostic Effect for BI-RADS Category 4 Breast Lesions
    YANG Hang, LI Zhenlin, ZHANG Xueqin, YANG Jixue, ZHOU Shuchuan, LIU Ying, ZHAO Shuang, YUAN Yuan
    2020, 38(5):  876-881.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200113
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    The purpose of the study is to explore the enhancement characteristics of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography and its diagnostic effect for breast imaging reporting and date system(BI-RADS)category 4 breast lesions. 60 patients whose lesions were categorized as BI-RADS 4 in CESM examination were recruited, and a total of 60 lesions were detected using pathology results as the gold standard, including 27 malignant lesions and 33 benign lesions. Signal values of ROI in CESM were measured, including lesions of craniocaudal (CC), mediolateral obliqde (MLO) and background, then percentage 876 difference (RS%) and contrast noise ratio (CNR) between lesions and background were calculated. According to the enhancement difference of lesions between two postures, the enhancement types were divided into:persistent (type Ⅰ), plateau (type Ⅱ), and washout (type Ⅲ). The difference of intensification degree and intensification type between the benign and malignant groups were compared, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in RS% and CNR between malignant and benign lesions (P>0.05). 87% lesions were benign and 13% were malignant in type Ⅰ, 55.6% were benign and 44.4% were malignant in type Ⅱ, 15.8% were benign and 84.2% were malignant in type Ⅲ. Benign lesions were usually of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ, and malignant lesions were of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ. The difference between two groups was statistically significant. In conclusion, the enhanced type analysis could provide certain basis for identifying the benign and malignant types of BI-RADS category 4 lesions in CESM.
    Primary Lymphoma and Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid with Concurrent Recurrent Carcinoma: a Literature Review
    HU Xingrong, GUI Dan, ZHU Xin, HUANG Zhihua
    2020, 38(5):  882-886.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200204
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    The patient inadvertently found the right anterior cervical mass for more than 6 months before hospitalization. Blood routine test, liver and kidney function, tumor markers and thyroid function were normal. Ultrasound showed irregular hypoechoic nodules of about 3.0 cm×1.6 cm in the inferior pole of the right lobe of the thyroid, and CDFI showed a little blood flow signal in the hypoechoic nodules. On plain and enhanced CT scan of the neck, the density of the thyroid decreased, the right lobe of the thyroid increased, the right lobe and isthmus showed slightly low-density nodular shadow, the arterial phase was moderately enhanced, the venous phase was moderately enhanced, the edge was irregular, and the thyroid capsule was complete; on thin-layer reconstruction, the right lobe of the thyroid showed slightly low-density nodular shadow. The right lobe of thyroid gland + isthmus resection and central lymphadenectomy were performed. Pathological diagnosis showed, nodule in the right lobe of thyroid gland:non Hodgkin's lymphoma (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, origin of germinal center); right lobe 882 of thyroid gland + isthmus:Micro papillary carcinoma (about 0.6 cm in diameter). The patients recovered well after operation and received chemotherapy.
    The Application of 3D Ultrasonic Printing Technology in Congenital Heart Disease
    REN Yongfeng, WANG Zhou
    2020, 38(5):  887-891.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200210
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    3D printing is a technology developed on the basis of imaging science. CT and MRI have been established as data source imaging tools to create 3D models. In recent years, transthoracic and transesophageal three-dimensional echocardiography can obtain real-time three-dimensional data information of the heart and become the data source to obtain 3D printing models, and the application field is expanding. 3D printing technology based on 3D echocardiography data source has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of CHD. This paper reviews the clinical application and advance of 3D printing technology in CHD.
    The Application of Optical Coherence Tomography Combined with B-ultrasound in the Examination of Fundus Diseases in Patients with Cataract
    LIU Pingping, ZHANG Jingdong
    2020, 38(5):  892-896.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200303
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    The optical coherence tomography (OCT) combined with B-ultrasound were applied in the examination of fundus diseases in patients with cataract in this study. 220 patients (326 eyes) with cataract were given routine examinations such as intraocular pressure, visual acuity and slit lamp, as long as B-ultrasound and OCT examination. The detection of fundus diseases with different examination methods was compared. The results show that, 59 eyes of fundus diseases were detected by OCT, the detection rate was 18.10%; 23 eyes of fundus diseases were detected by B-ultrasound, the detection rate was 7.06%; 66 eyes of fundus diseases were detected by OCT combined with B ultrasound, the detection rate was 20.25%. Retinal cyst and retinal detachment were detected by B-ultrasound, which was OCT did not find and failed to diagnose. OCT also detected macular epiretinal membrane, macular hole,macular edema, central serous chorioretinopathy, vitreous macular traction, which were hard for 892 B-ultrasound to detected. The detection rate of OCT combined with B-ultrasound was significantly higher than that of the OCT or B-ultrasound alone. In a word, OCT combined with B-ultrasound can improve the diagnostic efficacy for fundus diseases and predict the recovery of postoperative vision.
    Echocardiographic Evaluation and Reliability Study of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Heart Failure
    XU Mingfang, ZHANG Fang, LUO Jiping, ZHANG Min, XU Qiang
    2020, 38(5):  897-900.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200307
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    In order to investigate the echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and its reliability in patients with heart failure, this study selected 98 patients with heart failure as the test group, and 98 healthy people as the control group. Both groups underwent echocardiography and the results were compared. The results showed that the left atrial dimension (LAD), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), leftventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVDs) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) in the test group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the deceleration time (DT) of test group were lower,while the mitral valve diastolic early E peak speed/diastolic late A peak speed(E/A), early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus from septal (Esep), early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus 897 from lateral (Elat), the mitral valve diastolic early E peak velocities/mitral valve diastolic early peak velocities(E/Ea) were higher (P<0.05). The LVDd, left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) and E/A of the patients with E/Ea ≥ 15 in the test group were higher than those with E/Ea<15, and DT of the patients with E/Ea ≥ 15 was lower than those with E/Ea<15 (P<0.05). In conclusion, the left ventricular diastolic function and left ventricular diastolic function can be accurately evaluated by cardiac ultrasound.
    Characteristics of DWI Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Its Relationship with Cognitive Function in Subclinical Hypothyroidism
    LI Yanpeng, DU Xiaomeng, LANG Xiaoyan, ZHANG Bin, LIU Di, CHEN Jing, LI Xiaodong, LI Jiaojiao
    2020, 38(5):  901-905.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200309
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    The characteristics of the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) apparent diffusion coefficient of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) were analyzed to explore the relationship with their cognitive function. 180 patients with SCH were selected as subjects. After the evaluation of their 901 cognitive function with MMSE scale, HDS scale and MoCA scale, 82 patients with normal cognitive function were divided into control group, 66 patients with mild cognitive impairment were divided into mild group, and 32 patients with dementia were divided into dementia group. All the patients were underwent MR-DWI examination to measure the ADC values of each anatomical part of the head. The data showed that, the differences in age, MoCA, MMSE, and HDS scores between three groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The ADC values of MR-DWI in the right hippocampus area, left internal capsule area and left half-oval center all increased with the increase of cognitive dysfunction, and the ADC values of the mild group and dementia group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The results show that increasing age will increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction. The impairment of cognitive function is closely related to the metabolism and structural changes of the hippocampus, internal capsule, and regional semi-oval center. The hippocampus is a sensitive area where is related to mild cognitive dysfunction, and the internal capsule area is a sensitive area where is related to dementia.
    Diagnostic Efficiency of Low Frequency Ultrasound Combined with High Frequency in Infantile Intussusception
    WANG Jiahui, YUAN Erwei
    2020, 38(5):  906-909.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200311
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    In this research, 80 cases of infantile intussusception were examined by high frequency and low frequency ultrasound. The diagnostic efficiency of low frequency combined with high frequency ultrasound for intussusception in children was analyzed by comparing with enema reduction or operation. The results showed that the detection rate of high-frequency combined with low-frequency ultrasound for typical ultrasonic signs of intussusception such as mixed mass, concentric circle sign, sleeve sign and intestinal wall edema was significantly higher than that of low-frequency ultrasound (P<0.05). The detection rate for intussusception in different parts by low frequency combined with high frequency ultrasound was higher than that by low frequency ultrasound (P<0.05). The coincidence rate of high frequency combined with low frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of intussusception in children was 100.00%, which was higher than 90.00% of low frequency ultrasound (P<0.05). In a word, low frequency combined with high frequency ultrasound can provide diagnostic basis for typical ultrasonic signs and the location of the onset of intussusception in children, which has good diagnostic efficiency and is worthy of further promotion in clinical practice.
    Diagnostic Effect of Transvaginal Color Doppler Ultrasound Combined with CT in Endometrial Cancer
    CHE Yuemei, LUO Wenxiang, DONG Xiaohong, CUI Xianghua, LIU Jiena, CHE Yuechen
    2020, 38(5):  910-913.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200315
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    82 patients with endometrial cancer were enrolled in this study. All patients were examined by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound (TV-CDU) and computed tomography (CT). Endometrial thickness and endometrial hemodynamic indicators were measured by TV-CDU. CT and TV-CDU were used to detect the myometrial infiltration in patients, and the diagnostic coincidence rate was calculated. The results showed that the positive rate of intratumoral blood flow in patients with endometrial cancer was significantly correlated with tumor grade and endometrial thickness (P<0.05). The coincidence rate of the combined application of TV-CDU and CT for myometrial invasion was significantly higher than that of TV-CDU or CT alone (P<0.05). The above results suggest that the combined use of TV-CDU and CT examinations has significant diagnostic value for endometrial cancer and can provide a practical reference for the diagnosis and evaluation of endometrial cancer.
    Analysis of CT Texture Analysis and MSCT 3D Reconstruction in Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Solitary Pulmonary Nodules
    LI Xiaoqing, XU Zhihao, QI Yinping
    2020, 38(5):  914-918.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200320
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    In this paper, 100 patients with solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) were selected to explore the efficacy of CT texture analysis and MSCT 3D reconstruction in the diagnosis of benign and malignant SPN. The texture feature parameters were extracted, and the ROC curve of the subject was established according to the data. Meanwhile, the MSCT 3D reconstruction was performed by volume display reconstruction method, and the efficacy of the two methods was explored based on the pathological results. The results showed that the entropy, the sum of entropy and the difference of entropy 914 in the malignant group were significantly higher than those in the benign group (P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the accuracy of the three combined differential diagnosis of SPN was high, with sensitivity and specificity of 94.6% and 65.9%, respectively. The display rate of SPN morphological features of MSCT 3D reconstruction was significantly higher than that of CT plain scan (P<0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of MSCT 3D reconstruction were 88.9% and 82.6% respectively. It can be seen that both CT texture analysis and MSCT 3D reconstruction techniques are beneficial to the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant SPN. The former has a higher combined diagnosis sensitivity, while the latter has a higher specificity. Therefore, it is necessary to select the diagnosis method in combination with clinical science.
    Comparison of X-ray and Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Gouty Arthritis
    CHEN Lei, WANG Wei, ALIMUJIANG Abdukadir
    2020, 38(5):  919-923.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200322
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    114 patients with arthritis were selected as research objects to explore the diagnostic value of X-ray and musculoskeletal ultrasound in gouty arthritis.50 patients with clinical pathology diagnosis were gouty arthritis, 64 cases were other arthritis. X-ray diagnostic equipment and ultrasonic diagnostic equipment were used to detect the patients. The results showed that 43 cases of gouty arthritis and 71 cases of other arthritis were detected by X-ray, which had a high consistency with the clinicopathological diagnosis (Kappa=0.765, P<0.05); 48 cases of gouty arthritis were detected by musculoskeletal ultrasound, and 66 cases were other arthritis,which was in good agreement with the clinicopathological diagnosis (Kappa=0.821, P<0.05). The sensitivity of X-ray and musculoskeletal ultrasound was 80.0% and 88.0%, and the specificity of X-ray and musculoskeletal ultrasound was 95.3% and 93.8%,respectively. The positive rates of X-ray and musculoskeletal ultrasound examination were 55.56% and 919 84.72% respectively (P<0.05). Compared with X-ray, the detection rate of musculoskeletal ultrasound is higher and the ability to detect gouty arthritis lesions is better.
    Comparison of 3D-T2-FFE Sequence and PROSET Sequence in the Display of Lumbosacral Plexus
    ZHAO Shengxiang, WANG Zhao, ZHANG Xijun, ZHANG Weizhong
    2020, 38(5):  924-928.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200323
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    In this paper, we compared the ability of 3D-T2-FFE sequence and PROSET sequence of displaying the anatomical morphology of lumbosacral plexus. 70 patients with suspected lumbosacral disease were scanned by routine lumbosacral MRI followed by 3D-T2-FFE and PROSET sequence. The scanning results were reconstructed by three-dimensional MIP at the workstation. The display of Lumbosacral plexus nerve by the two methods was compared, and the image signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were also compared. The results showed that both 3D-T2-FFE sequence and PROSET sequence could show the course and morphology of lumbosacral plexus nerve, but PROSET sequence could show the anatomical structure and details of lumbosacral nerve root, ganglion and postganglionic nerve fiber more clearly than 3D-T2-FFE sequence. The signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio of PROSET were higher than those of 3D-T2-FFE (P<0.05). The disadvantage of 924 PROSET is that the scanning time is longer (about 283 s), while the 3D-T2-FFE sequence scan speed is much faster (about 182 s), which is easier for the patients to tolerate. In clinical work, reasonable selection of scanning sequence combined with conventional MR sequence can provide more evidence for the diagnosis of lumbosacral plexus neuropathy.
    Comparative Study of Whole Body Diffusion Weighted Imaging and CT in Evaluating the Efficacy of Chemotherapy for Lymphoma
    LIU Yongxin, LI Linlin, MA Jing
    2020, 38(5):  929-933.  DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.200328
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    The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of whole body diffusion weighted imaging (WB-DWI) with that of computed tomography (CT) in evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy for lymphoma.60 patients with lymphoma were selected as the case group and 43 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. The results showed that the lymph nodes in the lesion showed significantly high signal in WB-DWI and CT examination. After 1, 4 and 8 cycles of chemotherapy, the signal intensity on the images of WB-DWI and CT was significantly lower than that before chemotherapy, and the coincidence rate of WB-DWI in the lesion size, lesion range and number of lesions were significantly higher than that of CT examination (P<0.05).ADC values and the average ADC values of each site in the case group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in ADC values before and after treatment, before and during chemotherapy, and after chemotherapy in the case group (P<0.05). In general, WB-DWI is better than CT in evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy in lymphoma, which is worthy of clinical application.