Nano Photoelectrochemical Cell-like Model for Visible-light-responded Overall Splitting of Water

doi:10.7517/j.issn.1674-0475.2015.02.099

Abstract

Abstract:

A nano photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell-like model for visible-light-responded over-all splitting of water was proposed based on the investigation of the photo-electric properties and morphology of the novel TiO₂. In this model, the reduction and oxidation of water proceeds on the inner and outer surface of novel TiO₂ nanotubes, respectively. The variable-valence metal oxide with suitable electrochemical properties could be used as the water oxidation catalyst, and its surface lattice oxygen would take part in O₂ evolution. The difficulty of overall water splitting, i.e., evolving of O₂ while needs to transfer four electrons, might be overcome. We want that this nano PEC cell-like model will be explored and verified by colleagues in the future.

Key words: nanotube titanic acid, nanotube novel TiO₂, visible-light water splitting, nano PEC cell-like model

LI Qiuye, JIN Zhensheng. Nano Photoelectrochemical Cell-like Model for Visible-light-responded Overall Splitting of Water[J]. Imaging Science and Photochemistry, 2015, 33(2): 99-107.

References

[1] Fujishima A, Honda K. Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode [J]. Nature, 1972, 238: 37-39.
[2] Frank E O. Inorganic materials as catalysts for photochemical splitting of water [J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2008, 20(1):35-54.
[3] Borgarello E, Kiwi J, Pelizzetti E, Visca M, Grötzel M. Photochemical cleavage of water by photocatalysis [J]. Nature, 1981, 289: 158-160.
[4] Zou Z, Ye J, Sayama K, Arakawa H. Direct splitting of water under visible light irradiation with an oxide semiconductor photocatalyst [J]. Nature, 2001, 414: 625-627.
[5] Maeda K, Teramura K, Lu D, Takata T, Saito N, Inoue Y, Domen K. Photocatalyst releasing hydrogen from water [J]. Nature, 2006, 440: 295.
[6] Porter G. In vitro models for photosynthesis[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A, 1978, 362: 281-303.
[7] Calvin M. Artificial photosynthesis: Quantum capture and energy storage [J]. Phtochemistry and Photobiology, 1983, 37(3): 349-360.
[8] Lehn J M. Solar photochemistry and water photolysis [J]. Commentarii, 1982, (28): 1-32.
[9] Wrighton M S. Photochemistry[J]. Chemistry and Engineering News, 1979, 57(36): 29-47.
[10] 金振声.光催化"全"分解水制H₂与牺牲体系产H₂的关系[J]. 影像科学与光化学, 2009, 27(4): 314-320. Jin Z S. Relationship between over-all photosplitting of water and hydrogen production from photocatalytic system in the presence of sacrificial agent[J]. Imaging Science and Photochemistry, 2009, 27(4): 314-320.
[11] Kudo A. Photocatalyst materials for water splitting [J]. Catalysis Surveys from Asia, 2003, 7(1): 31-38.
[12] Calvin M. Synthetic chloroplasts [J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 1979,3: 73-87.
[13] Yang J J, Jin Z S, Wang X D, Li W, Zhang J W, Zhang S L, Guo X Y, Zhang Z J. Study on composition, structure and formation process of nanotube Na₂Ti₂O₄(OH)₂[J]. Dalton Transation, 2003, 20: 3898-3901.
[14] Zhang M, Jin Z S, Zhang J W, Guo X Y, Yang J J, Li W, Wang X D, Zhang Z J. Effect of annealing temperature on morphology, structure and photocatalytic behavior of nanotubed H₂Ti₂O₄(OH)₂[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A, 2004,217: 203-210.
[15] Hagfeldt A, Grätzel M. Light-induced redox reactions in nanocrystalline systems [J]. Chemical Reviews, 1995, 95: 49-68.
[16] Dvoranova D, Brezova V, Mazur M, Malati M A. Investigations of metal-doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2002, 37: 91-105.
[17] Martin S T, Morrison C L, Hoffmann M R. Photochemical mechanism of size-quantized vanadium-doped TiO₂ particles [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994, 98: 13695-13704.
[18] Li X, Yue P, Kutal C. Synthesis and photocatalytic oxidation properties of iron doped titanium dioxide nanosemiconductor particles [J]. New Journal of Chemistry, 2003, 27: 1264-1269.
[19] Piera E, Tejedor-Tejedor M I, Zorn M E, Anderson M A. Relationship concerning the nature and concentration of Fe(Ⅲ) species on the surface of TiO₂ particles and photocatalytic activity of the catalyst [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2003, 46: 671-685.
[20] Choi W Y, Termin A, Hoffmann M R. The role of metal ion dopants in quantum-sized TiO₂: correlation between photoreactivity and charge carrier recombination dynamics [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994, 98: 13669-13679.
[21] Asahi R, Morikawa T, Ohwaki T, Aoki K, Taga Y. Visible-light photocatalysis in nitrogen-doped titanium oxides [J]. Science, 2001, 293: 269-271.
[22] Valenti C D, Pacchioni G, Selloni A. Characterization of paramagnetic species in N-doped TiO₂ powders by EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2005, 10: 11414-11419.
[23] Livraghi S, Paganini M C, Giamello E, Selloni A, Valentin C D, Pacchioni G. Origin of photoactivity of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide under visible light [J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2006, 128: 15666-15671.
[24] Serpone N. Is the band gap of pristine TiO₂ narrowed by anion-and cation-doping of titanium dioxide in second-generation photocatalysts [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2006, 110: 24287-24293.
[25] Emeline A V, Sheremetyeva N V, Khomchenko N V, Ryabchuk V K, Serpone N. Photoinduced formation of defects and nitrogen stabilization of color centers in N-doped titanium dioxide [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2007, 111: 11456-11462.
[26] Feng C X, Wang Y, Jin Z S, Zhang J W, Zhang S L, Wu Z S, Zhang Z J. Photoactive centers responsible for visible-light photoactivity of N-doped TiO₂ [J]. New Journal of Chemistry, 2008, 32: 1038-1047.
[27] Ihara T, Ikeuchi Y, Miyoshi M, Ando M, Sugihara S, Iriyama Y. Preparation of a visible-light-active TiO₂ photocatalyst by RF plasma treatment [J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2001, 36: 4201-4207.
[28] Takeuchi K, Nakamura I, Matsumoto O, Sugihara S, Ando M, Ihara T. Preparation of visible-light-responsive titanium oxide photocatalysts by plasma treatment [J]. Chemistry Letters, 2000, 29: 1354-1355.
[29] Feng C X, Jin Z S, Zhang J W, Wu Z S, Zhang Z J. Coaction of sub-band and doped nitrogen on visible light photoactivity of N-doped TiO₂ [J]. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2010, 86: 1222-1229.
[30] Qian L, Jin Z S, Zhang J W, Huang Y B, Zhang Z J, Du Z L. Study of the visible-excitation luminescence of NTA-TiO₂(AB) with single-electron-trapped oxygen vacancies [J]. Applied Physics A, 2005, 80: 1801-1805.
[31] Zhang J, Jin Z, Feng C, Yu L, Zhang J, Zhang Z. ESR study on the visible photocatalytic mechanism of nitrogen-doped novel TiO₂—synergistic effect of two kinds of oxygen vacancies [J]. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2011, 184: 3066-3973.
[32] 李秋叶,张纪伟,金振声,冯彩霞,张经纬,吴志申,张治军. 含高浓度本征缺陷的新型TiO₂:外来陷阱诱导产生可见光光催化活性[J]. 科学通报,2013, 58: 1007-1013. Li Q Y, Zhang J W, Jin Z S, Feng C X, Zhang J W, Wu Z S, Zhang Z J. A novel TiO₂ with a large amount of bulk intrinsic defects:Visible-light-responded photocatalytic activity induced by foreign trap[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2013, 58: 1007-1013.
[33] Anpo M. Use of visible light. Second-generation titanium oxide photocatalysts prepared by the application of an advanced metal ion-implantation method [J]. Pure Applied Chemistry, 2000, 72: 1787-1792.
[34] Hoare J P. The Electrochemistry of Oxygen[M]. New York: Interscience.1968.
[35] Tseung A C C, Jasem S. Oxygen evolution on semiconducting oxides [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 1977, 22: 31-34.
[36] Harriman A, Pickering I J, Thomas J M, Christensen P A. Metal oxides as heterogeneous catalysts for oxygen evolution under photochemical conditions [J]. Jouranl of the Chemical Society, Faraday TransactionsⅠ: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases, 1988, 84: 2795-2806.
[37] Jaeger C D, Bard A J. Spin trapping and electron spin resonance detection of radical intermediates in the photodecomposition of water at titanium dioxide particulate systems [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1979, 83: 3146-3152.
[38] Dean J A. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry[M]. 15th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999.
[39] 查全性. 电极过程动力学导论[M]. 北京:科学出版社.1976. Zha Q X. Introduction to Kinetics of Electrode Process[M]. Beijing: Science Press. 1976.