IMAGING SCIENCE AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY

2023, 41(5): 0-0.

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Water-soluble Photoinitiators: State of Art and Applications in Biomedical Science

SUN Xun, LUO Peng, WANG Tao, YUAN Binbin, PANG Yulian, ZOU Yingquan

2023, 41(5): 197-229. DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.230703

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In recent years, waterborne photo-curable technology have been used in biomedical applications, such as dental materials, 3D biological printing, in vitro polymerization, cell encapsulation, etc. Water-soluble photoinitiators exhibiting good water solubility, low cytotoxicity, and high initiation efficiency have become key substances for the widespread development and application of photo-curable technology in biomedical applications. Therefore, researchers designed and synthesized a serious of water-soluble photoinitiators, and explored the application of this photoinitiators in drug delivery, bio-inspired detoxification, cell sensor, cartilage repair, volumetric bioprinting, biological tissue adhesive and photodynamic tumor therapy, and so on.In this review, the recent state of art of water-soluble photoinitiator including types, photoinitiation mechanisms, and application examples in biomedicine of water-based photoinitiators is provided. Moreover, the perspective on the future development of water-soluble photoinitiators is also discussed, hoping to provide some inspiration for the development and application of water-based photoinitiating systems.

A Brain Function Study of Combining Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations and Degree Centrality in Patients with High Myopia

ZHANG Xiaopan, YANG Fan, JIN Xuemin, CHENG Jingliang, WEN Baohong

2023, 41(5): 230-237. DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.230601

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To explore the abnormal changes of local brain function in patients with high myopia (HM) during the resting state by a combining amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and degree centrality (DC) method. A total of 45 HM patients were selected as the HM group, and 46 subjects with normal binocular vision were selected as the control group. All subjects underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Altered local brain function was analyzed by using combined ALFF and DC. Comparison between groups was performed by two-sample t test based on voxel level. The results showed that compared with the control group, (1) there were widespread ALFF differences between groups throughout the left Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part; right calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex; right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri; left thalamus; left inferior parietal, but supramarginal and angular gyri; right inferior parietal, but supramarginal and angular gyri and left paracentral lobule (P＜0.05); (2) there were widespread DC differences between groups throughout the right inferior temporal gyrus; left inferior 230 temporal gyrus; right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri; left superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital; left calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex; right fusiform gyrus; left inferior parietal, but supramarginal and angular gyri and left paracentral lobule (P＜0.05). The combination of low-frequency amplitude and degree centrality has high application value in the judgment of brain neuronal activity and brain functional network changes in HM patients.

Value of Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Quantitative Evaluation of Splenic Vein Diameter and Portal Vein Diameter in Patients with Hepatitis B Hepatic Fibrosis

ZENG Xiaorong, LI Dan, MOU Ying, YU Ying

2023, 41(5): 238-246. DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.230602

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To investigate the relationship between splenic vein diameter (SVD), portal vein diameter (PVD), and semi-quantitative scoring and liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B. A total of 202 patients with hepatitis B who underwent ultrasound-guided liver biops. Based on the results of liver biopsy, the patients were divided into the liver fibrosis group (n=112) and the non-fibrosis group (n=90). Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between various indicators and liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B. A predictive model for liver fibrosis and a risk scoring system were constructed, and risk levels were 238 determined. The results showed that Elevated SVD, elevated PVD, increased splenic thickness, increased spleen area, increased gallbladder wall thickness, increased liver surface membrane height, increased peak blood flow velocity of the hepatic artery (HAV_max), increased liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were independent risk factors for liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B. Decreased spleen length, decreased liver parenchymal echo, decreased clarity of liver veins, increased peak blood flow velocity of the portal vein (PVV_max), and increased peak blood flow velocity of the splenic vein (SVV_max) were protective factors (P<0.05). SVD and PVD had a significant nonlinear relationship with liver fibrosis in hepatitis B patients (P<0.05). Risk scoring was performed for each influencing factor, with a total score ranging from 0.5 to 24. Based on the percentiles, the scores were classified into low-risk group (n=84) with a score <9, moderate-risk group (n=67) with a score of 9~17, and high-risk group (n=51) with a score >17. The incidence of liver fibrosis in the high-risk group was significantly higher than that in the low-risk and moderate-risk groups (P<0.05). SVD and PVD are significantly higher in patients with hepatitis B-related fibrosis compared to those without fibrosis and are closely related to the degree of liver fibrosis.

Diagnosis Value of Prostate Cancer Based on High-Resolution T2WI Combined with Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Imaging Radiomics

WU Shan, CUI Jingjing, LI Xueting, LI Rui, REN Ruimin, YAN Junrong

2023, 41(5): 247-252. DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.230604

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To evaluate the diagnostic value of radiomics based on high-resolution T2WI combined with apparent diffusion coefficient imaging (ADC) for prostate cancer. Data from 120 patients who underwent MRI and Confirmed by pathology were reviewed by a retrospective study, including 71 prostate cancer and 49 no-prostate cancer. The lesions of these patients were divided into peripheral zone (PZ) and central zone (CZ) groups, respectively. Radcloud platform was used for data analysis of MRI images, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). T2WI, ADC, T2WI+ADC computer aided diagnostic model and Prostate Imaging Report and Data System version 2 (PI-RADS v2) were compared in 247distinguishing benign and malignant prostate lesion. The results show in the test set, the performance of Model T2WI+ADC was significantly higher than Model T2WI and PI-RADS in the peripheral zone (P<0.05), Model ADC was significantly higher than Model T2WI and PI-RADS in the central zone (P<0.05). For PI-RADS 3 lesion, the area under curve of the Model T2WI+ADC were 0.89 and 0.94 in the peripheral zone and central zone, respectively. Radiomics based on high-resolution T2WI combined with apparent diffusion coefficient imaging achieved a higher diagnostic efficiency than PI-RADS v2, including PI-RADS 3 lesion.

Application Value of Ultramicro-Flow Imaging and Energy Doppler Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Gouty Arthritis

CAO Yuying, CAO Jianhua, HOU Tingting, SUN Mingli, WANG Shuling

2023, 41(5): 253-259. DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.230606

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Application value of ultramicro-flow imaging (SMI) and energy Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) in diagnosis of gouty arthritis. Ninety-eight patients with gouty arthritis were selected, all of which were given SMI and PDUS examination, and the blood flow classification of gouty stone and synovium hyperplasia in patients with different periods and levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was analyzed. The results showed that the ultrasonic imaging manifestations of gouty arthritis patients were joint effusion, multi-point hyperechoic, gouty stone, double-track sign and synovial thickening. The level of hs-CRP in 253patients with acute stage was higher than that in patients with remission stage (P<0.05). Compared with PDUS mode, there were more cases of high grade (2 and 3) and fewer cases of low grade (0 and 1) in SMI mode than in PDUS mode (P<0.05). Compared with patients in remission stage, patients in acute stage had higher grade (2 and 3) (P<0.05) and less low grade (0 and 1) (P<0.05) under different modes (gouty stone and synovial hyperplasia blood flow grade). In different modes (gout stone and synovium hyperplasia blood flow grades), the high grade (2 and 3) was more than that in the slightly increased hs-CRP group and the normal group (P<0.05), and the low grade (0 and 1) was less than that in the slightly increased hs-CRP group and the normal group (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between hs-CRP level and blood flow grading of gout stone and synovium hyperplasia under different modes (P<0.05), and the correlation between hs-CRP level and SMI mode grading was higher (P<0.05). Therefore, compared with PDUS, SMI can detect more blood flow signals in gouty arthritis (gout stone and synovium hyperplasia) and has a stronger correlation with hs-CRP levels, which is more conducive to reflecting the activity of patients with gouty arthritis.

The Value of Preoperative CT Perfusion Imaging in Predicting the Early Response of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after TACE: A Meta Analysis

BI Xiaoyang, QIU Ruizhen, YANG Fujun, FAN Xiaoyan, SHUAI Shi, TANG Yanlong

2023, 41(5): 260-269. DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.230608

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To systematically evaluate the predictive value of preoperative computed tomography perfusion imaging (CTPI) parameters in early response to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The relationship between CT perfusion imaging and TACE prognosis was searched in China knowledge Network, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and Embase databases by computer. Meta analysis was carried out by using RevMan 5.4 software. The mean difference (MD) was used, and each effect was expressed by 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 7 articles were included, including 433 patients with a total of 475 tumor lesions. Meta analysis showed that there was significant difference in arterial liver perfusion (ALP) between the reactive group and the non-responsive group after TACE (MD=16.84,95%CI 2.06~31.62, P<0.05). The ALP of reactive group was significantly higher than that of non-responsive group, and the 260best cut-off value range was 9.885~22.175 mL/ (100 mL ·min). There was no significant difference in portal venous liver perfusion (PVP), hepatic perfusion index (HPI), blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT) and time to peak (TTP) between the reactive group and the non-responsive group after TACE. High preoperative ALP can predict the early effectiveness of liver cancer after TACE, but the more exact cut-off value of ALP needs further study.

The Value of Conventional Transvaginal Ultrasound and Shear Wave Elastography Combined with Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen in the Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer

TANG Yukun, ZHANG Jie, YU Ming, GAO Yuan

2023, 41(5): 270-276. DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.230704

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This study investigated the value of conventional transvaginal ultrasound and shear wave elastography (SWE) combined with serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. 152 patients with endometrial lesions were selected, all patients underwent pathological examination, conventional transvaginal ultrasound and SWE examination, and the levels of serum CEA were detected. The patients were divided into malignant group and benign group according to the results of pathological examination. The conventional transvaginal ultrasound indicators (endometrial thickness, RI, PI), SWE indicators (Emean, Esd, Emax), and serum CEA levels of the two groups were compared. The value of above indicators alone and combined in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer were analyzed by ROC curve. The results showed that 89 patients were diagnosed with 270endometrial cancer (malignant group), and 63 patients were diagnosed with benign endometrial lesions (benign group). The endometrial thickness of the malignant group was greater than that in the benign group, the RI and PI were lower than those in the benign group, the levels of Emean, Esd, Emax, and serum CEA were higher than those in the benign group (P<0.05). Endometrial thickness, Emean, Esd, Emax, CEA, RI, and PI were risk factors for endometrial cancer (P<0.05). The AUC of endometrial thickness, RI, PI, Emean, Esd, Emax, and CEA alone and combined in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer were 0.765, 0.788, 0.834, 0.812, 0.768, 0.790, 0.811, and 0.970, respectively. The conventional transvaginal ultrasound and SWE combined with serum CEA have high value in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer.

The Application Value of 4D-ASL in Evaluating the Efficacy of Cerebral Ischemic Stroke

LIN Xiaoyi, WAN Pinghua, LEI Da, LI Weixiang, ZHANG Zongli

2023, 41(5): 277-282. DOI: 10.7517/issn.1674-0475.230707

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This article explores the application value of four-dimensional arterial spin labeling (4D-ASL) in evaluating the efficacy of cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS). Forty-eight patients with CIS who were hospitalized in Chenjiaqiao Hospital from August 2021 to January 2023 within 7 days after the onset of the disease were selected to receive three-dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL), 4D-ASL magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and functional independence measure (FIM) scores before and after treatment, respectively. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the infarct core area and contralateral mirror area were recorded, and the relationship between the CBF values before and after treatment was analyzed. The collateral circulation was judged according to the dotted or banded high signal around the infarct area of 3D-ASL image, and the correlation between relative CBF (rCBF) and FIM 277 with and without collateral circulation was analyzed. The morphology of cerebral vessels was observed by 4D-ASL MRA. The results showed that the CBF values in the core area of the infarction before and after treatment were lower than those in the contralateral mirror area, and the CBF values before treatment were lower than those after treatment, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The rCBF and FIM scores before and after treatment were lower than those after treatment. The rCBF and FIM scores before and after treatment were positively correlated, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Around the core infarction area, rCBF with collateral circulation was higher than that without collateral circulation (P<0.05). 4D-ASL MRA showed collateral vessels in 12 cases, and the coincidence rate with 3D-ASL was 75%. 4D-ASL technology can effectively evaluate CBF and collateral circulation, dynamically display the morphology of cerebral vessels, and achieve the effect of digital subtraction angiography. 4D-ASL has certain predictive value in the evaluation of CIS efficacy.

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